Husten C G, Shelton D M, Chrismon J H, Lin Y C, Mowery P, Powell F A
Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724, USA.
Tob Control. 1997 Autumn;6(3):175-80. doi: 10.1136/tc.6.3.175.
To characterise patterns of cigarette smoking and smoking cessation among older adults in the United States.
Data from the National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS) 1965-94 were analysed. The NHIS is a cross-sectional survey using a representative national sample.
In most cases interviews were conducted in the home; telephone interviews were conducted when respondents could not be interviewed in person.
Participants were from a representative sample of the American civilian, non-institutionalised population aged 18 and older. Sample sizes for the years analysed ranged from n = 19,738 to n = 138,988 overall, and n = 3806 to n = 12,491 for those aged 65 years and older.
Using the NHIS data from 1965-94, trends in current smoking and the prevalence of smoking cessation by demographic characteristics among older adults (65 years and older) were assessed and compared with trends among younger adults. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the demographic characteristics of former smokers compared with current smokers among those aged 65 and older.
The prevalence of current smoking among 65 year olds and older declined from 1965 to 1994 (17.9% to 12.0%). Although smoking prevalence was lower among older adults than younger adults (aged 18-64), the rate of decline in smoking was slower among older adults. Among older adults, the prevalence of cessation rose with increasing educational attainment, and was consistently higher for men than for women and for whites compared with blacks. After adjustment for demographic factors among older adults who had ever smoked, increasing age and educational attainment were strongly related to the likelihood of being a former smoker. Although there were no racial differences among women, older white (OR = 2.6) and Hispanic (OR = 3.67) men were significantly more likely to be former smokers than older black men. Also, the gender difference in smoking cessation was noted only for whites.
Given the projected increase in the elderly population, the medical and economic consequences of smoking will become a greater burden in the next decades. Therefore, focusing attention on cessation among the elderly is an immediate and urgent priority for public health professionals and clinicians.
描述美国老年人吸烟及戒烟模式。
分析1965 - 1994年美国国家健康访谈调查（NHIS）的数据。NHIS是一项采用具有全国代表性样本的横断面调查。
多数情况下访谈在受访者家中进行；当无法进行面对面访谈时则通过电话访谈。
参与者来自美国18岁及以上平民非机构化人口的代表性样本。所分析年份的样本量总体上从n = 19738至n = 138988，65岁及以上者的样本量从n = 3806至n = 12491。
利用1965 - 1994年的NHIS数据，评估老年人（65岁及以上）当前吸烟趋势及按人口统计学特征划分的戒烟流行率，并与年轻人的趋势进行比较。进行逻辑回归分析以确定65岁及以上人群中既往吸烟者与当前吸烟者相比的人口统计学特征。
1965年至1994年，65岁及以上人群当前吸烟率从17.9%降至12.0%。尽管老年人吸烟率低于年轻人（18 - 64岁），但老年人吸烟率下降速度较慢。在老年人中，戒烟流行率随教育程度提高而上升，男性始终高于女性，白人高于黑人。在对曾吸烟的老年人的人口统计学因素进行调整后，年龄增长和教育程度提高与成为既往吸烟者的可能性密切相关。尽管女性中不存在种族差异，但65岁及以上的白人男性（OR = 2.6）和西班牙裔男性（OR = 3.67）比黑人男性成为既往吸烟者的可能性显著更高。此外，仅在白人中观察到戒烟的性别差异。
鉴于预计老年人口会增加，吸烟的医学和经济后果在未来几十年将成为更大负担。因此，关注老年人戒烟是公共卫生专业人员和临床医生当前紧迫的优先事项。
