Roberts CM, Hawkins JP
Trends Ecol Evol. 1999 Jun;14(6):241-246. doi: 10.1016/s0169-5347(98)01584-5.
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck and Thomas Huxley, two of the foremost thinkers of the 18th and 19th centuries, believed that humanity could not cause the extinction of marine species. Their opinions reflected a widespread belief that the seas were an inexhaustible source of food and wealth of which people could barely use a fraction. Such views were given weight by the abundant fisheries of the time. Additionally, the incredible fecundity and wide distributions of marine fishes, combined with limited exploitation, provided ample justification for optimism. The ideas of Huxley and Lamarck persist to this day, despite a sea change in the scale and depth of our influence on the oceans. Marine species could be at a far greater risk of extinction than we have assumed.
让·巴蒂斯特·拉马克和托马斯·赫胥黎是18世纪和19世纪两位最杰出的思想家，他们认为人类不可能导致海洋物种灭绝。他们的观点反映了一种普遍的信念，即海洋是取之不尽的食物和财富来源，而人们几乎只用了其中一小部分。当时丰富的渔业资源使这些观点更具说服力。此外，海洋鱼类惊人的繁殖力和广泛的分布，再加上有限的开发利用，为人们的乐观态度提供了充分的理由。尽管我们对海洋的影响在规模和深度上发生了翻天覆地的变化，但赫胥黎和拉马克的观点至今仍然存在。海洋物种面临的灭绝风险可能比我们想象的要大得多。
