Pajak A, Kawalec E, Pomykalska E, Topór-Madry R, Orłowiejska-Gillert M, Szczudlik A
Pracowni Epidemiologii Klinicznej, Collegium Medicum, Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego w Krakowie.
Przegl Lek. 1998;55(12):697-704.
Decrease in cardiovascular disease mortality below age of 65 years, which has been observed in Poland since 1992, is followed by increasing number of elderly people. One of the typical problems of ageing is deterioration of cognitive function. Little is known on prevalence of cognitive impairment and its correlates in Polish population. The goal of this paper was to assess the prevalence of cognitive impairment in the elderly Polish rural population and to study the differences in the distribution of cognitive function and frequency of cognitive impairment by age, sex, education and by history of previous MI. Studied group were 943 men and women at age 65-78 from the cohort representing the population of Polish rural province (Tarnobrzeg Voivodship). Participants were visited at their homes. Interview and cognitive function assessment by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) procedure were carried out according to the standard questionnaire. Participation rate was 94%--882 persons were examined. There were 58% women and 17% persons at age 75 or older in the examined group. 87% had only elementary (7 years of schooling) education or less. History of previous myocardial infarction was found in 15% of participants. In almost half of participants the result of MMSE < or = 25 points suggested cognitive impairment. More severe impairment (MMSE < or = 21 points) was found in 15% of examined persons. In participants at age 75 years or older and in those with low education, per cent of persons with cognitive impairement function was higher. Sex and history of previous myocardial infarction were not related to frequency of cognitive impairment. Results indicate the high prevalence of the cognitive impairment in elderly men and women in Polish rural population with low average level of education.
自1992年以来，波兰65岁以下心血管疾病死亡率呈下降趋势，随之而来的是老年人数量的增加。认知功能衰退是老龄化过程中的典型问题之一。波兰人群中认知障碍的患病率及其相关因素鲜为人知。本文旨在评估波兰农村老年人群中认知障碍的患病率，并研究认知功能分布及认知障碍频率在年龄、性别、教育程度和既往心肌梗死病史方面的差异。研究对象为来自波兰农村省份（塔尔诺布热格省）的943名65至78岁的男性和女性。研究人员到参与者家中进行走访。按照标准问卷通过简易精神状态检查表（MMSE）程序进行访谈和认知功能评估。参与率为94%，即882人接受了检查。受检组中女性占58%，75岁及以上者占17%。87%的人仅接受过小学（7年 schooling）或更低水平的教育。15%的参与者有既往心肌梗死病史。几乎一半参与者的MMSE结果≤25分提示存在认知障碍。15%的受检者存在更严重的障碍（MMSE≤21分）。在75岁及以上的参与者和教育程度较低的人群中，认知功能障碍者的比例更高。性别和既往心肌梗死病史与认知障碍频率无关。结果表明，波兰农村地区平均教育水平较低的老年男性和女性中认知障碍的患病率较高。
