山地自行车运动——一项危险的运动：口腔颌面部创伤方面与骑自行车的比较

Mountainbiking--a dangerous sport: comparison with bicycling on oral and maxillofacial trauma.

作者信息

Gassner R, Tuli T, Emshoff R, Waldhart E

机构信息

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Innsbruck, Austria.

出版信息

Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1999 Jun;28(3):188-91.

PMID:10355939

Abstract

The popularity of bicycling is reflected in the number of cycling-related oral and maxillofacial injuries. Five hundred and sixty-two injured bicyclists (10.3% of all trauma patients) were registered at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Innsbruck, Austria, between 1991 and 1996, accounting for 31% of all sports-related accidents and 48.4% of all traffic accidents. A review of the patient records revealed more severe injury profiles in sixty mountainbikers, with 55% facial bone fractures, 22% dentoalveolar trauma and 23% soft tissue injuries, compared to 502 street cyclists showing 50.8% dentoalveolar trauma, 34.5% facial bone fractures and 14% soft tissue lesions. The dominant fracture site in bicyclists was the zygoma (30.8%), whereas mountainbikers sustained an impressive 15.2% LeFort I, II and III fractures. Condyle fractures were more common in bicyclists, with 18.8% compared to 10.8% in mountainbikers. Reduction of facial injuries due to cycling-related accidents needs appropriate design of helmets with faceguards and compulsory helmet use for all cyclists, and particularly mountainbikers.

摘要

骑自行车的普及程度体现在与骑行相关的口腔颌面部损伤数量上。1991年至1996年间，奥地利因斯布鲁克大学口腔颌面外科登记了562名受伤的骑自行车者（占所有创伤患者的10.3%），占所有与运动相关事故的31%，以及所有交通事故的48.4%。对患者记录的回顾显示，60名山地自行车骑行者的损伤情况更为严重，其中55%为面部骨折，22%为牙牙槽创伤，23%为软组织损伤；相比之下，502名街道自行车骑行者中，50.8%为牙牙槽创伤，34.5%为面部骨折，14%为软组织损伤。骑自行车者中主要的骨折部位是颧骨（30.8%），而山地自行车骑行者中LeFort I、II和III型骨折的比例高达15.2%。髁突骨折在骑自行车者中更为常见，占18.8%，而山地自行车骑行者中为10.8%。减少与骑行相关事故导致的面部损伤需要设计带有面罩的合适头盔，并强制所有骑行者，尤其是山地自行车骑行者佩戴头盔。