Gassner R J, Hackl W, Tuli T, Fink C, Waldhart E
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Innsbruck, Austria.
J Trauma. 1999 Jul;47(1):50-4. doi: 10.1097/00005373-199907000-00011.
Bicyclists and mountainbikers are prone to facial trauma. In the current study, we present a large series of cycling-related sports trauma to the face in an effort to identify the injury pattern among mountainbikers compared with bicyclists.
The medical records of a single pediatric and adult Level I trauma center were evaluated from January 1, 1991, through October 31, 1996. All admissions with injuries caused by cycling-related sports were reviewed, analyzed, and compared according to age and sex distributions, causes of accidents, injury types, frequency, and localization of fractures and associated injuries. The injury types were divided into three categories: fractures, dentoalveolar trauma, and soft-tissue injuries.
Five hundred sixty-two injured bicyclists (10.3% of all trauma patients) were registered at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Innsbruck, Austria, during the study period, accounting for 31% of all sports-related or 48.4% of all traffic collisions, respectively. The review of the patient records revealed especially more severe injury profiles in 60 mountainbikers, with 55% facial bone fractures, 22% dentoalveolar trauma, and 23% soft-tissue injuries, compared with 502 street cyclists showing 50.8% dentoalveolar trauma, 34.5% facial bone fractures, and 14% soft-tissue lesions. The dominant fracture site in bicyclists was the zygoma (30.8%), whereas mountainbikers sustained an impressive 15.2% Le Fort I, II, and III fractures. Condyle fractures were more common in bicyclists, with 18.8% opposing 10.8% in mountainbikers.
Appropriate design of helmets with faceguards will reduce the incidence of facial injuries caused by cycling-related accidents and incentives are needed for making helmet use compulsory for all cyclists, particularly for mountainbikers.
骑自行车者和山地自行车骑行者容易发生面部创伤。在本研究中，我们展示了一系列与骑行相关的面部运动创伤病例，旨在确定山地自行车骑行者与普通自行车骑行者相比的损伤模式。
对一家儿科和成人一级创伤中心1991年1月1日至1996年10月31日期间的病历进行评估。对所有因与骑行相关运动导致受伤的入院病例，根据年龄和性别分布、事故原因、损伤类型、频率、骨折部位及相关损伤进行回顾、分析和比较。损伤类型分为三类：骨折、牙牙槽创伤和软组织损伤。
在研究期间，奥地利因斯布鲁克大学口腔颌面外科登记了562名受伤的自行车骑行者（占所有创伤患者的10.3%），分别占所有与运动相关创伤的31%或所有交通碰撞创伤的48.4%。对患者病历的回顾显示，60名山地自行车骑行者的损伤情况尤其严重，面部骨折占55%，牙牙槽创伤占22%，软组织损伤占23%；相比之下，502名街道自行车骑行者的损伤情况为牙牙槽创伤占50.8%，面部骨折占34.5%，软组织损伤占14%。自行车骑行者中主要的骨折部位是颧骨（30.8%），而山地自行车骑行者中Le Fort I、II和III型骨折的比例高达15.2%。髁突骨折在自行车骑行者中更为常见，占18.8%，而山地自行车骑行者中占10.8%。
设计合适的带面罩头盔将降低与骑行相关事故导致的面部损伤发生率，并且需要采取激励措施强制所有骑行者，特别是山地自行车骑行者佩戴头盔。
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