Treatment of established atherosclerosis during cholesterol feeding in monkeys.

A semipurified diet containing 43% of the calories as fat and 1.2 mg of cholesterol/cal was fed to cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) for 6 months; the cholesterol content was reduced to 0.34 mg/cal for the next 18 months. During the latter period, the monkeys were assigned to 4 groups of 18 animals each and received the following dietary additions: A, none (controls); B, cholestyramine (5%, w/w); C, dextrothyroxine (0.003%); and D, Wy-14,643 (0.45%). Cholestyramine normalized plasma lipid levels and reduced the size of aortic and coronary atherosclerotic lesions in spite of the high-fat, high-cholesterol intake. Dextrothyroxine reduced cholesterolemia but did not modify the extent of arterial lesions. Wy-14,643 changed neither plasma cholesterol levels nor the extent of atherosclerosis.