长跑运动员、自行车运动员和铁人三项运动员的胃肠道症状：患病率、用药情况及病因

Gastrointestinal symptoms in long-distance runners, cyclists, and triathletes: prevalence, medication, and etiology.

作者信息

Peters H P, Bos M, Seebregts L, Akkermans L M, van Berge Henegouwen G P, Bol E, Mosterd W L, de Vries W R

机构信息

Department of Medical Physiology and Sports Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.

出版信息

Am J Gastroenterol. 1999 Jun;94(6):1570-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.01147.x.

DOI:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.01147.x

PMID:10364027

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of exercise-related gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and the use of medication for these symptoms among long-distance runners, cyclists, and triathletes, and to determine the relationship of different variables to GI symptoms.

METHODS

A mail questionnaire covering the preceding 12 months was sent to 606 well-trained endurance type athletes: 199 runners (114 men and 85 women), 197 cyclists (98 men and 99 women), and 210 triathletes (110 men and 100 women) and sent back by 93%, 88%, and 71% of these groups, respectively. Symptoms were evaluated with respect to the upper (nausea, vomiting, belching, heartburn, chest pain) or lower part of the GI tract (bloating, GI cramps, side ache, urge to defecate, defecation, diarrhea). For statistical analysis, Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher exact test, or Student t test were used.

RESULTS

Runners experienced more lower (prevalence 71%) than upper (36%) GI symptoms during exercise. Cyclists experienced both upper (67%) and lower (64%) symptoms. Triathletes experienced during cycling both upper (52%) and lower (45%) symptoms, and during running more lower (79%) than upper (54%) symptoms. Bloating, diarrhea, and flatulence occurred more at rest than during exercise among all subjects. In general, exercise-related GI symptoms were significantly related to the occurrence of GI symptoms during nonexercise periods, age, gender, diet, and years of training. The prevalence of medication for exercise-related GI symptoms was 5%, 6%, and 3% for runners, cyclists, and triathletes, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Long-distance running is mainly associated with lower GI symptoms, whereas cycling is associated with both upper and lower symptoms. Triathletes confirm this pattern during cycling and running. The prevalence of medication for exercise-related GI symptoms is lower in the Netherlands in comparison with other countries, in which a prevalence of 10-18% was reported. More research on the possible predisposition of athletes for GI symptoms during exercise is needed.

摘要

目的

本研究旨在确定长跑运动员、自行车运动员和铁人三项运动员中与运动相关的胃肠道（GI）症状的患病率以及针对这些症状的药物使用情况，并确定不同变量与GI症状之间的关系。

方法

向606名训练有素的耐力型运动员发送了一份涵盖前12个月情况的邮寄调查问卷，其中包括199名跑步运动员（114名男性和85名女性）、197名自行车运动员（98名男性和99名女性）以及210名铁人三项运动员（110名男性和100名女性），这些组分别有93%、88%和71%的人回复了问卷。针对胃肠道上部（恶心、呕吐、嗳气、烧心、胸痛）或下部（腹胀、胃肠道痉挛、侧腹痛、便意、排便、腹泻）对症状进行了评估。统计分析采用曼-惠特尼U检验、费舍尔精确检验或学生t检验。

结果

跑步运动员在运动期间经历的下部GI症状（患病率71%）多于上部（36%）。自行车运动员经历了上部（67%）和下部（64%）症状。铁人三项运动员在骑自行车时经历了上部（52%）和下部（45%）症状，在跑步时经历的下部（79%）症状多于上部（54%）症状。在所有受试者中，腹胀、腹泻和肠胃胀气在休息时比运动时出现得更多。一般来说，与运动相关的GI症状与非运动期间GI症状的发生、年龄、性别、饮食和训练年限显著相关。跑步运动员、自行车运动员和铁人三项运动员中与运动相关的GI症状的药物使用率分别为5%、6%和3%。