眼睑的局部解剖学以及性别和年龄的影响。
Topographic anatomy of the eyelids, and the effects of sex and age.
作者信息
van den Bosch W A, Leenders I, Mulder P
机构信息
Department of Oculoplastic Surgery, Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Netherlands.
出版信息
Br J Ophthalmol. 1999 Mar;83(3):347-52. doi: 10.1136/bjo.83.3.347.
AIMS
To describe the effects of sex and age on eyeball, eyelid, and eyebrow position.
METHODS
A cross sectional cohort study was performed in which both eyes of 320 normal subjects aged between 10 and 89 years were included. Of each 10 year age cohort, there were 20 men and 20 women. Frontal, as well as lateral, slides were taken of both eyes. On projected slides, a reference line through the medial canthi and vertical lines through the pupil centre and the lateral canthus were constructed. Using these lines, we measured the size of the horizontal eyelid fissure, the distance from the reference line to the pupil centre and to the lateral canthus, the distance between the pupil centre and the upper and lower eyelid margin, and the distance between the upper eyelid margin and the skin fold and eyebrow. On lateral slides, the distance between the lateral canthus and the anterior corneal surface was measured.
RESULTS
Between the ages of approximately 12 and 25 years, the horizontal eyelid fissure lengthened 3 mm, while the position of other eyelid structures remained virtually unchanged. Between the average ages of 35 and 85 years, the horizontal eyelid fissure gradually shortened again by about 2.5 mm. Meanwhile, the distance between the lateral canthal angle and the anterior corneal surface decreased almost 1.5 mm. Aging caused an increase of the distance between the pupil centre and the lower eyelid of about 1 mm in men, and 0.5 mm in women. Aging also caused a higher skin crease and raised eyebrows in men and women, but it did not affect the position of the pupil centre and the lateral canthus. Men showed an 0.7 mm larger horizontal eyelid fissure than women. In women, however, the eyebrows were situated about 2.5 mm higher than in men.
CONCLUSION
Aging mainly affects the size of the horizontal eyelid fissure, which lengthens by about 10% between the ages of 12 and 25, and shortens by almost the same amount between middle age and old age. Aging causes sagging of the lower eyelid, especially in men, and a higher skin fold and eyebrow position in both sexes. Aging does not affect the position of the eyeball proper, or of the lateral canthus.
目的
描述性别和年龄对眼球、眼睑及眉毛位置的影响。
方法
进行了一项横断面队列研究，纳入了320名年龄在10至89岁之间的正常受试者的双眼。每个10岁年龄组中有20名男性和20名女性。拍摄双眼的正面及侧面幻灯片。在投影幻灯片上，绘制一条经过内眦的参考线以及经过瞳孔中心和外眦的垂直线。利用这些线，我们测量了水平睑裂的大小、参考线到瞳孔中心和外眦的距离、瞳孔中心与上下睑缘之间的距离，以及上睑缘与皮肤褶皱和眉毛之间的距离。在侧面幻灯片上，测量外眦与角膜前表面之间的距离。
结果
在大约12至25岁之间，水平睑裂延长了3毫米，而其他眼睑结构的位置基本保持不变。在平均年龄35至85岁之间，水平睑裂又逐渐缩短了约2.5毫米。与此同时，外眦角与角膜前表面之间的距离减少了近1.5毫米。衰老导致男性瞳孔中心与下睑之间的距离增加约1毫米，女性增加0.5毫米。衰老还导致男性和女性的皮肤褶皱更高、眉毛上扬，但不影响瞳孔中心和外眦的位置。男性的水平睑裂比女性大0.7毫米。然而，女性的眉毛比男性高约2.5毫米。
结论
衰老主要影响水平睑裂的大小，其在12至25岁之间延长约10%，在中年和老年之间缩短几乎相同的量。衰老导致下睑下垂，尤其是男性，并且导致男女两性的皮肤褶皱更高、眉毛位置更高。衰老不影响眼球本身或外眦的位置。
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