Mulliken J B, Godwin S L, Pracharktam N, Altobelli D E
Division of Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Bostion, MA, USA.
Plast Reconstr Surg. 1996 Apr;97(4):700-6. doi: 10.1097/00006534-199604000-00002.
Euophthalmos, the normal relationship of the orbital rims to the eyes, is critical to planning and to surgical correction of craniofacial deformities. The four most easily localized anthropometric (soft tissue) landmarks for the sagittal orbital-globe relationship are orbitale superius (os), orbitale inferius (oi), orbitale laterale (ol), and nasion (n), all referenced to apex corneae (acor). The normal adult values for os, oi, ol, and n were extracted from the literature. Age-specific anthropometric landmarks were computed from age-specific Bolton cephalometric templates. A vernier caliper was used to measure preoperatively the surface orbital landmarks in patients with various syndromic and nonsyndromic craniosynostotic disorders. Preoperative measurements were compared with the derived normative data to determine the necessary sagittal orbital translocation for frontal advancement (n=19) and frontal-midfacial advancement (n=2). Postoperative orbital anthropometry documented the degree of normalization of the sagittal orbital-globe relationship. The problems with current instrumentation for orbital anthropometry are discussed.
眼位正常，即眶缘与眼睛的正常关系，对于颅面畸形的手术规划和矫正至关重要。用于矢状位眶-眼球关系的四个最容易定位的人体测量学（软组织）标志点是眶上点（os）、眶下点（oi）、眶外侧点（ol）和鼻根点（n），均以角膜顶点（acor）为参照。os、oi、ol和n的正常成人值取自文献。特定年龄的人体测量标志点是根据特定年龄的博尔顿头影测量模板计算得出的。使用游标卡尺在患有各种综合征性和非综合征性颅缝早闭症的患者术前测量眶表面标志点。将术前测量值与得出的标准数据进行比较，以确定额部前移（n = 19）和额-中面部前移（n = 2）所需的矢状位眶移位。术后眶部人体测量记录了矢状位眶-眼球关系的正常化程度。讨论了当前眶部人体测量仪器存在的问题。
