Pressure measurements during injection of corticosteroids.

Corticosteroid injection into the orbit, eyelid and larynx is a common treatment for inflammation and neoplasm. Complications include embolisation into the ocular circulation resulting in permanent loss of vision. The overall aim of the reported research is to develop an injection cannula and monitoring system which can prevent inadvertent embolisation into the ocular circulation during injection of corticosteroids. To that end, a special cannula was designed that allows simultaneous estimation of pressure at the tip of the cannula and flow rate during injection. The cannula was tested with backpressures corresponding to physiological ranges of 0 to 125 mmHg and injection flow rates of 3 to 11 cm3 min-1. The estimated pressure at the tip of the cannula during injection of corticosteroids was compared with direct pressure measurements. The results show that the mean estimated pressure is linearly related to the mean measured pressure with a slope of 0.99 and correlation coefficient of 0.99. Statistical analyses show that with standard error of estimate (SEE) of 2.14 mmHg, the estimated pressure is well within the 95% prediction interval limits of the measured values. The estimation of pressure from the cannula and monitoring system was accurate and warrants further testing in animal models.