Kalka C, Takahashi T, Masuda H, Asahara T, Isner J M
Department of Vascular Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
Med Klin (Munich). 1999 Apr 15;94(4):193-201. doi: 10.1007/BF03044854.
The formation of new blood vessel is essential for a variety of physiological processes like embryogenesis and the female reproduction as well as pathological processes like tumor growth, wound healing and neovascularization of ischemic tissue. Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis are the mechanisms responsible for the development of the blood vessels. While angiogenesis refers to the formation of capillaries from pre-existing vessels in the embryo and adult organism, vasculogenesis, the development of new blood vessels from in situ differentiating endothelial cells, has been previously considered restricted to embryogenesis. Recent investigations, however, show the existence of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in the peripheral blood of the adult and their participation in ongoing neovascularization. Molecular and cell-biological experiments suggest that different cytokines and growth factors have a stimulatory effect on these bone-marrow derived EPCs. Results with GM-CSF (granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor) and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) open a new insight into the clinical use of cytokines and in particular the use of growth factors in gene therapy. The administration via protein or plasmid-DNA for neovascularization seems to enhance both pathways, angiogenesis and vasculogenesis.
新血管的形成对于多种生理过程至关重要，如胚胎发育和女性生殖，以及病理过程，如肿瘤生长、伤口愈合和缺血组织的新生血管形成。血管发生和血管生成是负责血管发育的机制。血管生成是指胚胎和成年生物体中由预先存在的血管形成毛细血管，而血管发生是指原位分化的内皮细胞形成新血管，以前一直认为血管发生仅限于胚胎发育。然而，最近的研究表明，成体外周血中存在内皮祖细胞（EPC），并且它们参与正在进行的新生血管形成。分子和细胞生物学实验表明，不同的细胞因子和生长因子对这些骨髓来源的EPC有刺激作用。粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（GM-CSF）和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的研究结果为细胞因子的临床应用，特别是生长因子在基因治疗中的应用开辟了新的视角。通过蛋白质或质粒DNA进行给药以促进新生血管形成似乎增强了血管生成和血管发生这两种途径。
