Irby P B, Schwartz B F, Stoller M L
Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
Tech Urol. 1999 Mar;5(1):29-39.
Percutaneous renal surgery is continually being improved, refined, and embraced by urologists worldwide. With the advent of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), many percutaneous techniques have been abandoned or forgotten. We are learning, however, that ESWL is not a panacea for all urinary calculi and different methods need to be used to obtain stone-free patients. We discuss the history, anatomy, techniques, and specific problems and complications ofpercutaneous renal surgery specifically relating to renal stone disease.
经皮肾手术在不断改进、完善，并被全球泌尿外科医生所接受。随着体外冲击波碎石术（ESWL）的出现，许多经皮技术已被摒弃或遗忘。然而，我们逐渐认识到，ESWL并非治疗所有尿路结石的万灵药，需要采用不同方法来使患者实现无石状态。我们将讨论经皮肾手术的历史、解剖结构、技术以及与肾结石疾病相关的具体问题和并发症。
