Van Hamme J D, Ward O P
Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada.
Can J Microbiol. 1999 Feb;45(2):130-7.
The effects of surfactant physicochemical properties, such as the hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) and molecular structure, on the biodegradation of 2% w/v Bow River crude oil by a mixed-bacterial culture were examined. Viable counts increased 4.6-fold and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) biodegradation increased 57% in the presence of Igepal CO-630, a nonylphenol ethoxylate (HLB 13, 0.625 g/L). Only the nonylphenol ethoxylate with an HLB value of 13 substantially enhanced biodegradation. The surfactants from other chemical classes with HLB values of 13 (0.625 g/L) had no effect or were inhibitory. TPH biodegradation enhancement by Igepal CO-630 occurred at concentrations above the critical micelle concentration. When the effect of surfactant on individual oil fractions was examined, the biodegradation enhancement for the saturate and aromatic fractions was the same. In all cases, biodegradation resulted in increased resin and asphaltene concentrations. Optimal surfactant concentrations for TPH biodegradation reduced resin and asphaltene formation. Chemical surfactants have the potential to improve crude oil biodegradation in complex microbial systems, and surfactant selection should consider factors such as molecular structure, HLB, and surfactant concentration.
研究了表面活性剂的物理化学性质，如亲水亲油平衡（HLB）和分子结构，对混合细菌培养物生物降解2%w/v弓河原油的影响。在壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚Igepal CO - 630（HLB值为13，浓度0.625 g/L）存在的情况下，活菌数增加了4.6倍，总石油烃（TPH）生物降解率提高了57%。只有HLB值为13的壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚能显著提高生物降解率。其他化学类别、HLB值为13（0.625 g/L）的表面活性剂没有效果或具有抑制作用。Igepal CO - 630对TPH生物降解的促进作用发生在高于临界胶束浓度的浓度下。当研究表面活性剂对各个油馏分的影响时，饱和烃和芳烃馏分的生物降解促进作用相同。在所有情况下，生物降解都会导致树脂和沥青质浓度增加。TPH生物降解的最佳表面活性剂浓度可减少树脂和沥青质的形成。化学表面活性剂有潜力改善复杂微生物系统中原油的生物降解，表面活性剂的选择应考虑分子结构、HLB值和表面活性剂浓度等因素。
