Mizuno K, Kajzer J
Nagoya University, Japan.
Accid Anal Prev. 1999 Jul;31(4):381-91. doi: 10.1016/s0001-4575(98)00076-1.
Compatibility problems in car-to-car frontal, side, single car and car-to-pedestrian collisions in Japan are discussed using traffic accident data. The number of serious and fatal injuries is investigated for the subject car and other cars, which are categorized by their class and mass. The aggressivity of the cars is calculated by the number of fatalities, fatality rates and by the number of car registrations. The results show that in car-to-car frontal collisions, cars with a mass of 1150 kg are the most compatible among the current car population. In both car-to-car frontal and side collisions, the sports utility vehicle and mini car are found to be the most incompatible car types with high and low aggressivity, respectively. On the other hand, the accident data show that the wagon and midsize sedan are the most compatible car types. The compatibility of fixed objects in the road environment with cars and cars with pedestrians is also discussed. In a single car collision with a fixed object, the guardrail is the most compatible object and can reduce the fatality rate on prefecture roads by about 60%. The front geometry of the car has large effect on compatibility with a pedestrian.
利用交通事故数据，讨论了日本汽车与汽车正面、侧面、单车以及汽车与行人碰撞中的兼容性问题。针对目标车辆和其他车辆，按其类别和质量进行分类，调查了严重和致命伤害的数量。通过死亡人数、死亡率以及汽车注册数量来计算汽车的攻击性。结果表明，在汽车与汽车正面碰撞中，质量为1150千克的汽车在当前汽车群体中兼容性最强。在汽车与汽车正面和侧面碰撞中，分别发现运动型多用途汽车和微型汽车是攻击性高和低的最不兼容车型。另一方面，事故数据表明旅行车和中型轿车是兼容性最强的车型。还讨论了道路环境中固定物体与汽车以及汽车与行人的兼容性。在单车与固定物体碰撞中，护栏是最兼容的物体，可将县级道路上的死亡率降低约60%。汽车的前部几何形状对与行人的兼容性有很大影响。
