From the School of Forensic Medicine.
Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Traffic Accident Identification Engineering Technology, Centre of Forensic Science Southern Medical University, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University.
Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2022 Mar 1;43(1):11-17. doi: 10.1097/PAF.0000000000000709.
To discuss the collision relationship and the cause of the fracture caused by traffic accidents in which the front of a small car collides with the side of a pedestrian while braking.
The surveillance videos of 42 traffic accidents involving the front of a small car colliding with the side of a pedestrian while braking were collected. By analyzing the surveillance videos and the paths, the speed of the collision, the relationship between the vehicle and the pedestrian upon collision, and the movement trajectory of the human body were clearly identified. The type and severity of the injuries were also determined through autopsy. The characteristics of the human injuries and vehicle paths were analyzed according to the collision speed (<40 km/h, 40-60 km/h, 60-90 km/h), and the correlations between the fracture and the height of the pedestrian, the height of the hood and the length of the hood were discussed.
When a small car hits the side of a pedestrian, the front bumper first hits the lower limbs of the pedestrian, and then, the human body falls to the side of the vehicle, causing a secondary collision with the hood and front windshield; thus, the pedestrian is thrown at a speed similar to the speed of the vehicle, finally falling to the ground and sliding forward a certain distance. (1) When V is less than 40 km/h (n = 10), the pedestrian's head did not collide with the windshield, and the fatal injuries were caused by the individual striking the ground. (2) When V is greater than 40 km/h (n = 32), the majority (97%) of cases showed collision with the windshield. (3) When 40 to 60 km/h (n = 16), the pedestrian's head collided with the windshield, which can cause fatal injuries, and pelvic fractures and rib fractures occurred in 56.25% of patients. (4) When V is less than 60 km/h (n = 26), the ratio of the height of the pedestrian to the height of the hood was significantly smaller in the pelvic fracture group than in the nonpelvic fracture group (P < 0.01). (5) When 60 to 90 km/h (n = 16), there were holes in the windshield, and the pedestrians experienced severe head injuries, with cervical spine fracture occurring in 37.5% of patients, pelvic fractures occurring in 43.75% of patients, and rib fractures occurring in 31.25% of patients.
When V is less than 40 km/h, the vehicle does not cause severe injuries in pedestrians; when V is greater than 40 km/h, the collisions of the pedestrian's head with the windshield lead to severe head injuries and the accident can cause severe pelvic and rib fractures; when V is greater than 60 km/h, the collisions of the pedestrian's head with the windshield can cause cervical spine fracture in addition to head injuries. The occurrence of human injuries is related to not only the vehicle speed but also factors such as the height of the pedestrian, the height of the hood and the length of the hood.
讨论小汽车前侧与行人侧面发生碰撞时车辆刹车导致的骨折的碰撞关系和原因。
收集了 42 起小汽车前侧与行人侧面发生碰撞时车辆刹车的监控视频。通过分析监控视频和路径，明确了碰撞速度、碰撞时车辆和行人之间的关系以及人体的运动轨迹。通过尸检确定了损伤的类型和严重程度。根据碰撞速度（<40 km/h、40-60 km/h、60-90 km/h）分析人体损伤和车辆路径的特征，并讨论骨折与行人高度、发动机罩高度和发动机罩长度之间的相关性。
当小汽车撞击行人侧面时，前保险杠首先撞击行人的下肢，然后人体向车辆侧面倒下，与发动机罩和前挡风玻璃发生二次碰撞；因此，行人以类似于车辆的速度被抛出，最终落在地上并向前滑行一定距离。（1）当 V 小于 40 km/h（n = 10）时，行人的头部没有与挡风玻璃碰撞，致命伤是由个体撞击地面造成的。（2）当 V 大于 40 km/h（n = 32）时，大多数（97%）病例显示与挡风玻璃碰撞。（3）当 40 至 60 km/h（n = 16）时，行人头部与挡风玻璃碰撞，可导致致命伤，56.25%的患者发生骨盆骨折和肋骨骨折。（4）当 V 小于 60 km/h（n = 26）时，骨盆骨折组行人高度与发动机罩高度之比明显小于非骨盆骨折组（P < 0.01）。（5）当 60 至 90 km/h（n = 16）时，挡风玻璃上有孔，行人头部受重伤，37.5%的患者颈椎骨折，43.75%的患者骨盆骨折，31.25%的患者肋骨骨折。
当 V 小于 40 km/h 时，车辆不会对行人造成严重伤害；当 V 大于 40 km/h 时，行人头部与挡风玻璃碰撞会导致严重的头部受伤，事故可能导致严重的骨盆和肋骨骨折；当 V 大于 60 km/h 时，行人头部与挡风玻璃碰撞除头部受伤外，还会导致颈椎骨折。人体损伤的发生不仅与车辆速度有关，还与行人高度、发动机罩高度和发动机罩长度等因素有关。
