Webster C
Department of Health Management Systems, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Stud Health Technol Inform. 1998;52 Pt 2:1209-12.
"The need to cope with a changing and partly unpredictable world makes it very likely that any intelligent system with multiple motives and limited powers will have emotions." [1] From advisory systems that understand emotional attitudes toward medical outcomes, to wearable computers that compensate for communication disability, to computer simulations of emotions and their disorders, the research agendas of medical informatics and affective computing--how and why to create computers that detect, convey, and even have emotions--increasingly overlap. Some psychiatric and neurological researchers state their theories in terms of actual or hypothetical computer programs. Adaptive intelligent systems will increasingly rely on emotions to compensate for their own conflicting goals and limited resources--emotional reactions about which psychiatrists and neurologists have special insights. DEP2 (Depression Emulation Program 2) is a computer simulation of adaptive depression--learning from explainable patterns of failure in autobiographical memory--that simulates many depressive behaviors. In the terminology of fault-tolerant computing, adaptive depression involves fault detection (triggered by failure), fault location (strategic retreat and failure diagnosis), and fault recovery (return to on-line operation). DEP2 relies on subsystems whose structures and behaviors are based on popular hypotheses about left and right brain hemispheric function during depression and emotion. DEP2 and its predecessors, DEP and DEPlanner, are relevant to psychiatric and neurological informatics, and to the design of adaptive autonomous robots and software agents.
“应对不断变化且部分不可预测的世界的需求使得任何具有多种动机和有限能力的智能系统都极有可能产生情感。”[1] 从理解对医疗结果的情感态度的咨询系统，到补偿沟通障碍的可穿戴计算机，再到情感及其障碍的计算机模拟，医学信息学和情感计算的研究议程——如何以及为何创建能够检测、传达甚至拥有情感的计算机——越来越重叠。一些精神病学和神经学研究人员用实际的或假设的计算机程序来阐述他们的理论。自适应智能系统将越来越依赖情感来弥补自身相互冲突的目标和有限的资源——精神病学家和神经学家对这些情感反应有着特殊的见解。DEP2（抑郁症模拟程序2）是一种自适应抑郁症的计算机模拟——从自传体记忆中可解释的失败模式中学习——它模拟了许多抑郁行为。用容错计算的术语来说，自适应抑郁症涉及故障检测（由失败触发）、故障定位（策略性撤退和故障诊断）以及故障恢复（恢复在线运行）。DEP2依赖于其结构和行为基于关于抑郁症和情感期间左右脑半球功能的流行假设的子系统。DEP2及其前身DEP和DEPlanner与精神病学和神经学信息学以及自适应自主机器人和软件代理的设计相关。
