Shimizu M
University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Japan.
Nahrung. 1999 Jun;43(3):154-8. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3803(19990601)43:3<154::AID-FOOD154>3.0.CO;2-A.
The small intestinal epithelium plays a crucial role in the digestion/modification of food components, absorption of nutrients and recognition of food-derived signals. It also acts as a barrier against unfavourable materials in food. These intestinal functions may be influenced by food substances. In this paper, the effects of various food substances on the intestinal functions, particularly the absorption functions, are discussed. A new assay method, using a monolayer culture system of human intestinal epithelial cells, is applied to examine food-derived substances which could modulate the tight junction (TJ). Capsianoside, a diterpene glycoside from sweet pepper, was isolated and identified as one of the TJ-modulating substances. Those substances can be expected to facilitate the paracellular absorption of small molecular functional substances such as bioactive oligopeptides. The use of a human intestinal cell culture system also enabled us to make a simple screen test for food substances which affect the intestinal transporter functions. Substances which could suppress the activity of intestinal glucose transporters, for example, can be expected to reduce the dietary glucose uptake in the intestinal epithelium and control the blood glucose level. Polyphenolic compounds from plants, including green tea, were found to have such activity. Modulation of the brush border enzymes by food substances is also discussed.
小肠上皮在食物成分的消化/修饰、营养物质的吸收以及对食物衍生信号的识别中起着关键作用。它还作为抵御食物中有害物质的屏障。这些肠道功能可能会受到食物物质的影响。本文讨论了各种食物物质对肠道功能，特别是吸收功能的影响。一种使用人肠上皮细胞单层培养系统的新检测方法被应用于检测能够调节紧密连接（TJ）的食物衍生物质。辣椒素苷，一种来自甜椒的二萜糖苷，被分离并鉴定为调节紧密连接的物质之一。这些物质有望促进生物活性寡肽等小分子功能物质的细胞旁吸收。使用人肠细胞培养系统还使我们能够对影响肠道转运蛋白功能的食物物质进行简单的筛选试验。例如，能够抑制肠道葡萄糖转运蛋白活性的物质有望减少肠道上皮对膳食葡萄糖的摄取并控制血糖水平。发现包括绿茶在内的植物中的多酚类化合物具有这种活性。本文还讨论了食物物质对刷状缘酶的调节作用。
