Luscombe N D, Noakes M, Clifton P M
Department of Physiology, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 1999 Jun;53(6):473-8. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600779.
To examine the relative effects of high and low glycemic index (GI) carbohydrates, and monounsaturated fats on blood glucose and lipid metabolism in NIDDM subjects.
Fourteen male and seven female variably controlled NIDDM subjects recruited by advertisement.
Free living outpatients.
A repeated measures, within-subject design was used such that each subject consumed three diets: (a) a high-GI diet (53% CHO -21% fat, 63 GI units (glucose= 100)); (b) a low-GI diet (51% CHO -23% fat, 43 GI units); and (c) a high-mono high-GI diet (42% CHO -35% fat, 59 GI units) in random order and cross-over fashion for four weeks. Approximately 45% energy was provided as key foods which differed in published GI values and specifically excluded legumes. Dietary fibre intake was > 30 g/d on each diet. At the end of each dietary intervention, we measured fasting plasma lipids, glucose, insulin, total glycated plasma protein, fructosamine, LDL and HDL particle size as well as 24 h urinary excretion of glucose and C-peptide.
HDL-cholesterol was higher on the low-GI and high-mono high-GI diets compared to the high-GI diet (P < 0.05 for overall diet effect). There were no other significant differences in metabolic control between diets, even when adjusted for BMI, glucose control or gender. Body weight and saturated fat intake remained stable between dietary interventions.
High-mono high-GI and high-CHO, low-GI diets are superior to high-CHO, high-GI diets with respect to HDL metabolism but no effect was noted on glucose metabolism in variably controlled NIDDM subjects.
研究高、低血糖生成指数（GI）碳水化合物以及单不饱和脂肪对非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（NIDDM）患者血糖及脂质代谢的相对影响。
通过广告招募的14名男性和7名女性非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病患者，血糖控制情况各异。
自由生活的门诊患者。
采用重复测量的受试者内设计，每位受试者摄入三种饮食：（a）高GI饮食（碳水化合物53% -脂肪21%，血糖生成指数单位63（葡萄糖=100））；（b）低GI饮食（碳水化合物51% -脂肪23%，血糖生成指数单位43）；（c）高单不饱和脂肪高GI饮食（碳水化合物42% -脂肪35%，血糖生成指数单位59），按随机顺序以交叉方式进行，为期四周。约45%的能量由已公布血糖生成指数值不同的关键食物提供，且特别排除了豆类。每种饮食的膳食纤维摄入量均>30克/天。在每次饮食干预结束时，我们测量了空腹血脂、血糖、胰岛素、糖化血浆总蛋白、果糖胺、低密度脂蛋白和高密度脂蛋白颗粒大小，以及24小时尿葡萄糖和C肽排泄量。
与高GI饮食相比，低GI饮食和高单不饱和脂肪高GI饮食的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇更高（总体饮食效应P<0.05）。即使对体重指数、血糖控制或性别进行调整后，不同饮食之间的代谢控制也没有其他显著差异。饮食干预期间体重和饱和脂肪摄入量保持稳定。
在高密度脂蛋白代谢方面，高单不饱和脂肪高GI饮食和高碳水化合物、低GI饮食优于高碳水化合物、高GI饮食，但对血糖控制各异的非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病患者的葡萄糖代谢没有影响。
