Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Nutr J. 2011 Jul 14;10:74. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-10-74.
Obesity is the most relevant overnutrition disease worldwide and is associated to different metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes. Low glycemic load foods and diets and moderately high protein intake have been shown to reduce body weight and fat mass, exerting also beneficial effects on LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride concentrations, postprandial glucose curve and HDL-cholesterol levels. The present study aimed at studying the potential functionality of a series of low glycemic index products with moderately high protein content, as possible coadjuvants in the control of type-2 diabetes and weight management following a chronologically planned snacking offer (morning and afternoon).
The current trial followed a single group, sequential, longitudinal design, with two consecutive periods of 4 weeks each. A total of 17 volunteers participated in the study. The first period was a free living period, with volunteers' habitual ad libitum dietary pattern, while the second period was a free-living period with structured meal replacements at breakfast, morning snack and afternoon snack, which were exchanged by specific products with moderately high protein content and controlled low glycemic index, following a scheduled temporal consumption. Blood extractions were performed at the beginning and at the end of each period (free-living and intervention). Parameters analysed were: fasting glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, total-, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, C - reactive protein and Homocysteine concentrations. Postprandial glucose and insulin were also measured. Anthropometrical parameters were monitored each 2 weeks during the whole study.
A modest but significant (p = 0.002) reduction on body weight (1 kg) was observed during the intervention period, mainly due to the fat mass loss (0.8 kg, p = 0.02). This weight reduction was observed without apparently associated changes in total energy intake. None of the biochemical biomarkers measured was altered throughout the whole study.
Small changes in the habitual dietary recommendations in type-2 diabetes patients by the inclusion of specific low-glycemic, moderately high-protein products in breakfast, morning and afternoon snacks may promote body weight and fat-mass loss, without apparently altering biochemical parameters and cardiovascular risk-related factors.
Trial registered at clinicaltrials.gov NCT01264523.
肥胖是全球最相关的营养过剩疾病，与胰岛素抵抗和 2 型糖尿病等不同代谢紊乱有关。低升糖指数食物和饮食以及适度高蛋白摄入已被证明可减轻体重和体脂量，对 LDL-胆固醇、甘油三酯浓度、餐后血糖曲线和 HDL-胆固醇水平也有有益影响。本研究旨在研究一系列低升糖指数、适度高蛋白含量的产品的潜在功能，作为控制 2 型糖尿病和体重管理的可能辅助手段，遵循按时间计划的零食供应（早上和下午）。
本试验采用单组、序贯、纵向设计，每个阶段连续 4 周。共有 17 名志愿者参与了研究。第一阶段为自由生活期，志愿者采用习惯性随意饮食模式，第二阶段为自由生活期，早餐、上午小吃和下午小吃采用高蛋白含量和控制低升糖指数的特定产品进行结构替代，按照规定的时间进行消费。在每个阶段（自由生活期和干预期）的开始和结束时进行采血。分析的参数包括：空腹血糖、胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白、总胆固醇、HDL-胆固醇和 LDL-胆固醇、甘油三酯、C-反应蛋白和同型半胱氨酸浓度。还测量了餐后血糖和胰岛素。在整个研究过程中，每 2 周监测一次人体测量参数。
干预期间体重（1 公斤）略有但显著（p=0.002）下降，主要是由于脂肪量减少（0.8 公斤，p=0.02）。这种体重减轻没有明显与总能量摄入变化相关。整个研究过程中，测量的生化生物标志物均无变化。
通过在早餐、上午和下午的小吃中纳入特定的低血糖、适度高蛋白产品，对 2 型糖尿病患者的习惯性饮食建议进行微小改变，可能会促进体重和体脂量的减轻，而不会明显改变生化参数和心血管风险相关因素。
试验在 clinicaltrials.gov 注册 NCT01264523。
