Pacin A, Martínez E, Martín de Portela M L, Neira M S
Universidad Nacional de Luján, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Arch Latinoam Nutr. 1999 Mar;49(1):31-9.
A dietary survey was carried out at the National University of Luján (Argentina), with the objective of evaluating: a) food consumption and energy supply of cereals; b) the adequation of the intake of protein, calcium, iron, vitamins A, B1, B2, C and niacin, regarding the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA). A representative sample of 827 people (16% of the total population of 1991, equally distributed in the four seasons) was assessed with a 24 hour dietary recall. Sample was composed by: males: 189, aged 18-24 ys (GIM); 189, aged 25-50 ys (G2M); females: 209, aged 18-24 ys (GIF); 240, aged 25-50 ys (G2F). The results showed that cereals, 90% deriving from wheat products, supplied 32% of the total energy intake in G1F and between 40% and 48% in the other three groups. The mean daily intake of meat ranged between 90.5 g and 128.7 in females and over 140.0 g in males. Dairy products consumption was quite low, as well as fruits and vegetables in the whole of the population. Protein intake was over 1.25 g/d in 50% of the population. Calcium intake was below the RDA in a great percentage of the population, the mean percentage of adequation being: G1F, 71%; G2F, 62%; G1M, 64%; G2M, 65%. Iron mean daily intake was quite good, ranging between 16.4 and 20.8 mg in females and between 17.5 and 19.2 mg in males. The percentage of iron supplied by meat was: G1F, 16%; G2F, 21%; G1M, 34% and G2M, 26%; therefore iron bioavailability can be considered high. Besides, "mate", which is drunk between meals, supplied between 25% and 29% of the total iron intake in females and between 12% and 56% in males. Vitamin A intake was below the RDA in 74% to 58% of the population. The mean intake of vitamin B1 was 89% of the RDA in G1M and over RDA in the other three groups. Intake and percentage of adequation of vitamin B2, vitamin C and niacin presented a great range, but the mean values were over the RDA. The overall results showed: a) a high protein intake, providing red meat between 26% and 39%; b) low consumption of dairy products, with the consequence of a low calcium and vitamin A intake; c) low consumption of fruits and vegetables, being in relation to the low intake of fibre and carotenes; d) high consumption of cereals, mainly wheat products, that must be controlled from the toxicological point of view, due to the variable presence of mycotoxins. These results are in agreement with other dietary surveys carried out in previous years and are a consequence of some characteristic feeding habits of the Argentine population. They show that nutritional education is necessary for promoting changes in the latter, with the aim of reaching a better nutritional status.
在阿根廷卢汉国立大学开展了一项饮食调查，目的是评估：a）谷物的食物消费和能量供应；b）蛋白质、钙、铁、维生素A、B1、B2、C和烟酸的摄入量与推荐膳食摄入量（RDA）的适配情况。通过24小时膳食回顾法对827人（占1991年总人口的16%，四季均衡分布）的代表性样本进行了评估。样本组成如下：男性：189人，年龄在18 - 24岁（G1M）；189人，年龄在25 - 50岁（G2M）；女性：209人，年龄在18 - 24岁（G1F）；240人，年龄在25 - 50岁（G2F）。结果显示，谷物（90%源自小麦制品）在G1F组提供了总能量摄入的32%，在其他三组中则为40%至48%。女性每日肉类平均摄入量在90.5克至128.7克之间，男性超过140.0克。乳制品的消费量相当低，整个人口中水果和蔬菜的消费量也很低。50%的人口蛋白质摄入量超过1.25克/天。很大一部分人口的钙摄入量低于RDA，适配的平均百分比为：G1F组71%；G2F组62%；G1M组64%；G2M组65%。铁的每日平均摄入量相当可观，女性在16.4至20.8毫克之间，男性在17.5至19.2毫克之间。肉类提供的铁的百分比为：G1F组16%；G2F组21%；G1M组34%；G2M组26%；因此铁的生物利用率可被视为较高。此外，在两餐之间饮用的“马黛茶”，在女性中提供了总铁摄入量的25%至29%，在男性中为12%至56%。74%至58%的人口维生素A摄入量低于RDA。维生素B1的平均摄入量在G1M组为RDA的89%，在其他三组中超过RDA。维生素B2、维生素C和烟酸的摄入量及适配百分比范围很大，但平均值超过RDA。总体结果显示：a）蛋白质摄入量高，其中红肉占26%至39%；b）乳制品消费量低，但导致钙和维生素A摄入量低；c）水果和蔬菜消费量低，这与纤维和胡萝卜素摄入量低有关；d）谷物消费量高，主要是小麦制品，由于霉菌毒素的存在情况不一，从毒理学角度必须加以控制。这些结果与前几年进行的其他饮食调查一致，是阿根廷人口某些特定饮食习惯的结果。它们表明，为了促进饮食习惯的改变以达到更好的营养状况，有必要开展营养教育。
