Cohn P, Savrin J, Fagliano J
New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services, Consumer and Environmental Health Services, Trenton 08625, USA.
J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 1999 May-Jun;9(3):171-80. doi: 10.1038/sj.jea.7500017.
To characterize volatile organic chemical (VOC) contamination in public water in New Jersey from 1978 through 1990, detailed GIS maps were developed, along with descriptive text and an associated contaminant database, broken into half-year periods. All water providers that served more than 500 service connections were mapped. Contamination status for nine VOCs, including total trihalomethanes (THMs), was estimated for about 90% of the state's population. Many water systems were partitioned into smaller subsystems in order to map service areas that were more homogeneous with regard to water quality in order to minimize exposure misclassification. Data used for this work included test results taken by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection or the water utilities (raw, plant, and distribution system samples), an analysis of probable water use and water flow (based on pumpage, population, system architecture, and advice from the water systems), and information on service area extensions during the period. Using GIS applications, these maps and databases were used to estimate the size of the population exposed to contaminants over time, demonstrating a dramatic decrease in exposed population after the New Jersey Safe Drinking Water Act was signed in 1984.
为了描述1978年至1990年新泽西州公共供水系统中的挥发性有机化合物（VOC）污染情况，绘制了详细的地理信息系统（GIS）地图，并配有描述性文本和相关的污染物数据库，按半年期划分。对所有服务连接超过500个的供水商进行了绘图。估计了包括总三卤甲烷（THMs）在内的9种挥发性有机化合物对该州约90%人口的污染状况。许多供水系统被划分为更小的子系统，以便绘制水质更均匀的服务区地图，以尽量减少暴露误分类。这项工作使用的数据包括新泽西州环境保护部或供水公司采集的检测结果（原水、水厂和配水系统样本）、对可能的用水和水流的分析（基于抽水量、人口、系统架构以及供水系统的建议），以及该时期服务区扩展的信息。利用GIS应用程序，这些地图和数据库被用来估计随时间推移接触污染物的人口规模，结果表明，1984年新泽西州《安全饮用水法》签署后，接触污染物的人口大幅减少。
