Kistemann Thomas, Hundhausen Joachim, Herbst Susanne, Classen Thomas, Färber Harald
Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Street 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2008 Jul;211(3-4):308-17. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2007.02.011. Epub 2007 Sep 14.
Regarding the health effects of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and their decomposition products (particularly vinyl chloride (VC)) under chronic low-dose exposure, VOC groundwater contaminations are seen to be an ongoing public health issue. This article presents results of a long-term investigation surveying VOC and VC groundwater contamination upstream of a large groundwater works in Cologne, Germany. For 10 years a contaminated aquifer has been monitored for different VOC and for VC. In total, 255 samples have been taken to assess both the 3-dimensional distribution and the temporal dynamics of the contaminants. VOC and VC precursor substances have been measured by means of pentane-liquid-liquid-extraction, GC and ECD, VC by means of derivatisation to 1,2 dibromochloroethane, GC, ECD, and by purge and trap technique and GC-MS-coupling. For spatial analysis all test results and additional hydrogeological attribute data have been transferred to a GIS. The spatial VOC distribution has been assessed by use of kriging interpolation indicating a decrease of the initial contaminants in time. A cluster analysis allowed to distinguish several independent contaminations within the large contamination area. The VC contamination was increasing. Anaerobic microbial dechlorination of VOC and subsequent VC accumulation were seen to be as credible from several indications (VC presence, downstream change of tetra/trichloroethylene-ratio and anaerobic conditions in the aquifer, high Fe(2+)- and Mn(2+)-concentrations). There was no statistically significant vertical differentiation of VOC and VC concentrations. The VOC load within the different water protection zones of the waterworks could be assessed.
关于挥发性有机化合物（VOC）及其分解产物（特别是氯乙烯（VC））在长期低剂量暴露下对健康的影响，VOC地下水污染被视为一个持续存在的公共卫生问题。本文介绍了一项长期调查的结果，该调查对德国科隆一个大型地下水厂上游的VOC和VC地下水污染情况进行了监测。在10年的时间里，对一个受污染的含水层中的不同VOC和VC进行了监测。总共采集了255个样本，以评估污染物的三维分布和时间动态。VOC和VC前体物质通过戊烷液液萃取、气相色谱和电子捕获检测器进行测量，VC通过衍生化为1,2 - 二溴氯乙烷、气相色谱、电子捕获检测器，以及吹扫捕集技术和气相色谱 - 质谱联用进行测量。为了进行空间分析，所有测试结果和额外的水文地质属性数据都被传输到了地理信息系统（GIS）中。通过克里金插值法评估了VOC的空间分布，结果表明初始污染物随时间减少。聚类分析使得在大污染区域内区分出了几个独立的污染源。VC污染在增加。从几个迹象（VC的存在、含水层中四氯乙烯/三氯乙烯比例的下游变化和厌氧条件、高浓度的Fe(2+)和Mn(2+)）来看，VOC的厌氧微生物脱氯以及随后的VC积累似乎是可信的。VOC和VC浓度在垂直方向上没有统计学上的显著差异。可以评估水厂不同水源保护区内的VOC负荷。
