Shomakhov A O
Med Parazitol (Mosk). 1999 Jan-Mar(1):20-3.
Malaria was widely spread in the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria in the past, but its incidence rates varied in different areas, which depended on natural and climatic and socio-economic factors. Malaria was transmitted in the whole republic, except for its high-altitude areas. Malaria was most common in the lowlands. In the season of malaria transmission, P. vivax, the causative agent of the disease, can made 4 cycles in the plain, only 3 and, occasionally, 4 cycles in the piedmont. The climatic features of the republic give rise to the emergence of as many as 5 vector generations in the lowland in the epidemiological period. The peculiarities of malaria in the republic were seasonal fluctuations of malaria manifestation among the population with a winter interval of its transmission. The monthly distribution of malaria patients was typical of the "southern" type of a morbidity curve. The curve was two-peaked: the first peak was characterised by a small elevation of morbidity in March and April with the maximum in May and June, the second peak was characterised by a more drastically significant elevation in August and September owing to the varying proportions of two types of vivax malaria: that with long- and short-term incubation (30% against 70%). The bulk (as high as 70%) patients with malaria was recorded in its transmission season (June to September), in the period of the highest activity and the maximum size of vectors. In the republic, tertian malaria was mainly detected, cases of quartan and tropical malaria being registered.
过去，疟疾在卡巴尔达-巴尔卡尔共和国广泛传播，但不同地区的发病率有所不同，这取决于自然气候和社会经济因素。除高海拔地区外，整个共和国都有疟疾传播。疟疾在低地最为常见。在疟疾传播季节，间日疟原虫（该疾病的病原体）在平原地区可完成4个周期，在山麓地区仅3个周期，偶尔为4个周期。该共和国的气候特征导致在流行病学时期低地出现多达5代病媒。该共和国疟疾的特点是人群中疟疾表现存在季节性波动，其传播有冬季间隔。疟疾病人的月度分布呈典型的“南方”型发病曲线。该曲线有两个峰值：第一个峰值的特点是3月和4月发病率略有上升，5月和6月达到最高；第二个峰值的特点是8月和9月发病率大幅显著上升，这是由于两种间日疟的比例不同：长期和短期潜伏期的比例分别为30%和70%。大部分（高达70%）疟疾病例出现在其传播季节（6月至9月），即病媒活动最高、数量最多的时期。在该共和国，主要检测到三日疟，也记录到了四日疟和热带疟病例。
