Moreno Vázquez J M, Durán Tejeda M R, García Alcón J L
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Extremadura University (UEX), Badajoz, Spain.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1999 Jul;70(7):686-91.
Ejection seats have saved many lives with more than 80% of pilots having survived an ejection. Nevertheless, ejection injuries are seen in all modern air forces.
An epidemiological study has been carried out on the 48 ejections made by the Spanish Air Force (SpAF) from 1979-1995.
From data facilitated by the Flight Safety Section of the SpAF Staff, by the Flight Safety Section of Squadrons, and from personal reports of pilots who survived ejections a form was created. Relationships between data concerning aeronautical parameters, pilot data and injuries have been found, and a comparative study was made between these results and data shown by air forces of other countries.
Of 48 pilots who ejected, 7 died, 25 had severe injuries, 11 had minor injuries and 5 had no injuries. The reason for the ejections included 35 cases of technical failure, and 13 cases of human error. Of 43 surviving pilots, 23 were injured only at the egress phase, 1 1 only at landing, and 9 cases at both moments. None of the five pilots who ejected outside the ejection envelope were able to adopt the correct position. However, of 43 pilots who ejected within the envelope, 19 were seated in good position. Of 13 pilots who maintained control of the airplane, 9 were able to adopt a correct position. Of 35 pilots who effected the ejection without control of the aircraft, 25 were not able to achieve a correct seated position.
The pilot position in the ejection seat, plane control, ejection inside the envelope, the pilot's training in how to assume the necessary body position at both egress and landing phases are determining factors for successful ejections.
弹射座椅挽救了许多生命，超过80%的飞行员在弹射后幸存下来。然而，在所有现代空军中都能见到弹射损伤的情况。
对西班牙空军（SpAF）在1979年至1995年期间进行的48次弹射进行了一项流行病学研究。
根据西班牙空军参谋部飞行安全科、各中队飞行安全科提供的数据以及弹射幸存飞行员的个人报告创建了一份表格。已发现有关航空参数、飞行员数据和损伤的数据之间的关系，并将这些结果与其他国家空军的数据进行了比较研究。
在48名弹射的飞行员中，7人死亡，25人受重伤，11人受轻伤，5人未受伤。弹射原因包括35起技术故障和13起人为失误。在43名幸存飞行员中，23人仅在弹射离机阶段受伤，11人仅在着陆时受伤，9人在两个时刻都受伤。在弹射包线外弹射的5名飞行员中，没有人能够采取正确姿势。然而，在弹射包线内弹射的43名飞行员中，19人姿势良好。在13名保持对飞机控制的飞行员中，9人能够采取正确姿势。在35名在未控制飞机的情况下进行弹射的飞行员中，25人未能获得正确的坐姿。
飞行员在弹射座椅中的姿势、飞机控制、在弹射包线内弹射、飞行员在弹射离机和着陆阶段如何采取必要身体姿势的训练是成功弹射的决定性因素。
