Anderson S, Fricke E, Gunn L, Sochacki C, Nolan M G
Nurs Clin North Am. 1975 Dec;10(4):655-65.
New graduate nurses today come to their first positions in nursing with varying knowledge bases and minimal clinical nursing skills. Gone are the days when new graduates begin functioning fully in a budgeted position on day one of employment. Mastery of psychomotor, cognitive, and affective skills necessary for nursing practice must be acquired through experience in the work situation. The more complex the clinical setting, the more stressful is the period of learning. The O.R. can be a highly stressful place. The need for anticipation, planning and organization to provide efficient care with meticulous attention to detail is coupled with the need to perform smoothly numerous technical skills. Safe, humanistic care cannot be implemented unless the nurse is also able to assess each patient's individual biopsychosocial status, and identify his unique nursing care needs. In order to learn to cope with this level of complexity, the neophyte nurse must be provided with a planned, supportive experiential learning situation that also provides the time necessary to achieve a beginning level of mastery. The program in Basic O.R. Nursing described here was one attempt to provide such an experience for new graduates.
如今的新毕业护士初入护理岗位时，知识储备各不相同，临床护理技能也很有限。新毕业生入职第一天就能在预算岗位上完全胜任工作的日子已经一去不复返了。护理实践所需的心理运动技能、认知技能和情感技能必须通过工作中的实践经验来掌握。临床环境越复杂，学习阶段的压力就越大。手术室可能是压力极大的地方。既要提前预判、精心规划和组织，以提供高效护理并极其注重细节，又要顺利执行众多技术技能。除非护士还能评估每位患者的个体生物心理社会状况，并确定其独特的护理需求，否则就无法实施安全、人性化的护理。为了学会应对这种复杂程度，必须为新手护士提供一个有计划、有支持的体验式学习环境，同时也要提供达到初步掌握水平所需的时间。这里描述的基础手术室护理项目就是为新毕业生提供此类体验的一次尝试。
