Billat L V, Koralsztein J P, Morton R H
Laboratoire des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (STAPS), Université Paris 5, France.
Sports Med. 1999 Jun;27(6):359-79. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199927060-00002.
This article traces the study of interrelationships between power output, work done, velocity maintained or distance covered and the endurance time taken to achieve that objective. During the first half of the twentieth century, scientists examined world running records for distances from < 100 m to > 1000 km. Such examinations were empirical in nature, involving mainly graphical and crude curve-fitting techniques. These and later studies developed the use of distance/time or power/time models and attempted to use the parameters of these models to characterise the endurance capabilities of athletes. More recently, physiologists have proposed theoretical models based on the bioenergetic characteristics of humans (i.e. maximal power, maximal aerobic and anaerobic capacity and the control dynamics of the system). These models have become increasingly complex but they do not provide sound physiological and mathematical descriptions of the human bioenergetic system and its observed performance ability. Finally, we are able to propose new parameters that can be integrated into the modelling of the power/time relationship to explain the variability in endurance time limit at the same relative exercise power (e.g. 100% maximal oxygen uptake).
本文追溯了对功率输出、所做的功、保持的速度或行进的距离与实现该目标所需的耐力时间之间相互关系的研究。在二十世纪上半叶，科学家们研究了从小于100米到大于1000公里距离的世界跑步记录。这些研究本质上是经验性的，主要涉及图形和粗略的曲线拟合技术。这些研究以及后来的研究发展了距离/时间或功率/时间模型的应用，并试图使用这些模型的参数来表征运动员的耐力能力。最近，生理学家们基于人类的生物能量特征（即最大功率、最大有氧和无氧能力以及系统的控制动力学）提出了理论模型。这些模型变得越来越复杂，但它们并未对人类生物能量系统及其观察到的运动表现能力提供合理的生理和数学描述。最后，我们能够提出新的参数，这些参数可以整合到功率/时间关系的建模中，以解释在相同相对运动功率（例如最大摄氧量的100%）下耐力时间极限的变异性。
