Laska E M, Meisner M, Siegel C
Statistical Sciences and Epidemiology Division of The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York 10962, USA.
Med Decis Making. 1999 Jul-Sep;19(3):339-43. doi: 10.1177/0272989X9901900312.
For resource allocation under a constrained budget, optimal decision rules for mutually exclusive programs require that the treatment with the highest incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) below a willingness-to-pay (WTP) criterion be funded. This is equivalent to determining the treatment with the smallest net health cost. The designer of a cost-effectiveness study needs to select a sample size so that the power to reject the null hypothesis, the equality of the net health costs of two treatments, is high. A recently published formula derived under normal distribution theory overstates sample-size requirements. Using net health costs, the authors present simple methods for power analysis based on conventional normal and on nonparametric statistical theory.
对于预算受限情况下的资源分配，互斥方案的最优决策规则要求为成本效益比（ICER）低于支付意愿（WTP）标准的治疗提供资金。这等同于确定净健康成本最小的治疗方案。成本效益研究的设计者需要选择一个样本量，以便有较高的能力拒绝零假设，即两种治疗的净健康成本相等。最近在正态分布理论下推导出来的一个公式高估了样本量的要求。作者使用净健康成本，基于传统正态和非参数统计理论提出了简单的功效分析方法。
