Whitbeck L B, Hoyt D R, Yoder K A
Department of Sociology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA.
Am J Community Psychol. 1999 Apr;27(2):273-96. doi: 10.1023/A:1022891802943.
This report is an examination of a theoretical model of risk amplification within a sample of 255 homeless and runaway adolescents. The young people were interviewed on the streets and in shelters in urban centers of four Midwestern states. Separate models were examined for males (n = 102) and females (n = 153). Results indicated that street experiences such as affiliation with deviant peers, deviant subsistence strategies, risky sexual behaviors, and drug and/or alcohol use amplified the effects of early family abuse on victimization and depressive symptoms for young women. These street adaptations significantly increased the likelihood of serious victimization over and above the effects of early family history for both young men and women. Similarly, street behaviors and experiences increased the likelihood of depressive symptoms for young women over the effects of early family abuse, but not for young men. The risk-amplification model from the life course theoretical perspective is discussed as an example of the cumulative continuity of maladaptive behaviors.
本报告对255名无家可归和离家出走的青少年样本中的风险放大理论模型进行了考察。这些年轻人在中西部四个州城市中心的街头和收容所接受了访谈。分别对男性（n = 102）和女性（n = 153）的模型进行了考察。结果表明，诸如与不良同伴交往、不良生存策略、危险的性行为以及吸毒和/或酗酒等街头经历，放大了早期家庭虐待对年轻女性受害和抑郁症状的影响。这些街头适应行为显著增加了严重受害的可能性，这一影响超出了早期家庭史对年轻男性和女性的影响。同样，街头行为和经历增加了年轻女性出现抑郁症状的可能性，其影响超过了早期家庭虐待，但对年轻男性则不然。从生命历程理论视角出发的风险放大模型被作为适应不良行为累积连续性的一个例子进行了讨论。
