Tyler Kimberly A, Kort-Butler Lisa A, Swendener Alexis
Violence Vict. 2014;29(2):348-62. doi: 10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-12-00091r1.
Although research has found high rates of child maltreatment, widespread victimization, and other negative outcomes among homeless youth and young adults, resiliency among this population has largely been understudied. Specifically, a gap remains in terms of how protective factors such as self-efficacy, low deviant beliefs, and religiosity operate among homeless youth and young adults. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between various forms of victimization, mental health, and protective factors with property and violent crime and illicit drug use among homeless young adults. Results from regression analyses indicate that running away from home more frequently, experiencing more physical victimization on the street, higher levels of self-efficacy, and more deviant beliefs were associated with greater property crime. Significant correlates of violent crime included being male, running away from home more frequently, greater sexual and physical victimization on the street, higher levels of self-efficacy, and more deviant beliefs. Finally, being male, running away more frequently from home, greater child physical abuse and partner victimization, and more deviant beliefs were all associated with greater illicit drug use. Self-efficacy was positively related to both property and violent crime, suggesting that it may not operate for homeless young adults in the same manner as it does for normative populations.
尽管研究发现无家可归的青少年和年轻人中存在很高的儿童虐待率、广泛的受害情况以及其他负面结果，但该人群的复原力在很大程度上仍未得到充分研究。具体而言，诸如自我效能感、低偏差信念和宗教信仰等保护因素在无家可归的青少年和年轻人中如何发挥作用，这方面仍存在差距。本研究的目的是检验各种形式的受害情况、心理健康以及保护因素与无家可归的年轻人的财产犯罪、暴力犯罪和非法药物使用之间的关系。回归分析结果表明，更频繁地离家出走、在街上遭受更多身体伤害、更高水平的自我效能感以及更多的偏差信念与更高的财产犯罪率相关。暴力犯罪的显著相关因素包括男性、更频繁地离家出走、在街上遭受更多性侵害和身体伤害、更高水平的自我效能感以及更多的偏差信念。最后，男性、更频繁地离家出走、更严重的儿童身体虐待和伴侣受害情况以及更多的偏差信念都与更高的非法药物使用率相关。自我效能感与财产犯罪和暴力犯罪均呈正相关，这表明它对无家可归的年轻人的作用方式可能与对正常人群的作用方式不同。
