Holme J A, Steffensen I L, Brunborg G, Becher G, Alexander J
Avdeling for miljømedisin Statens institutt for folkehelse, Oslo.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 1999 Jun 30;119(17):2528-30.
In a recent study, 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2[5H]-furanone (MX; CAS no 77439-76-0) which is formed during chlorination of water containing organic substances, was found to be carcinogenic in the rat, at multiple sites in both sexes. MX is known as a potent bacterial mutagen. Epidemiological studies have suggested an association between chlorinated water consumption and a moderate increase in the risk of cancer. Although MX is a strong mutagen in prokaryotes, its genotoxic effects in mammalian cells are not so large, and more variable results are obtained. Very low concentrations of MX are found in drinking water (ng/L), whereas the genotoxic and carcinogenic effects in experimental animals of this compound are detectable at relatively high doses (mg/kg body weight). Relative to the risk for infectious diseases from the consumption of contaminated drinking water, the possible cancer risk associated with MX exposure appears to be low. Even so, efforts should be made to reduce disinfection byproduct formation by removing organic matter before chlorination.
在最近一项研究中，发现3-氯-4-（二氯甲基）-5-羟基-2[5H]-呋喃酮（MX；化学物质登记号77439-76-0）在含有机物的水氯化过程中形成，对大鼠具有致癌性，在两性的多个部位均有致癌作用。MX是一种强效的细菌诱变剂。流行病学研究表明，饮用氯化水与癌症风险适度增加之间存在关联。尽管MX在原核生物中是一种强诱变剂，但其在哺乳动物细胞中的遗传毒性作用没那么大，且得到的结果更具变异性。饮用水中发现的MX浓度非常低（纳克/升），而该化合物在实验动物中的遗传毒性和致癌作用在相对高剂量（毫克/千克体重）时才可检测到。相对于饮用受污染水带来的传染病风险，与接触MX相关的潜在癌症风险似乎较低。即便如此，仍应努力通过在氯化前去除有机物来减少消毒副产物的形成。
