Holmbom B
Laboratory of Forest Products Chemistry, Abo Akademi, Finland.
IARC Sci Publ. 1990(104):333-40.
A review is given of the isolation and identification of the extremely strong bacterial mutagen 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone, coded MX, in wood pulp chlorination waters in 1980. This compound is one of the most potent known mutagens, as determined by the Ames test. In 1986 this compound was found also in chlorinated drinking water. MX accounts for a substantial portion of the mutagenicity of chlorinated drinking waters. Several other compounds related to MX have recently been identified in chlorinated waters, such as the geometric isomer (E-MX), the oxidized and reduced forms of MX and the oxidized form of E-MX. Brominated analogues of MX may be formed by chlorination in the presence of bromide ions. Unanswered questions pertaining to the chemistry and genotoxicity of MX and related chlorinated mutagens are examined.
本文回顾了1980年在木浆氯化水中分离和鉴定极强的细菌诱变剂3-氯-4-（二氯甲基）-5-羟基-2（5H）-呋喃酮（代号MX）的过程。经艾姆斯试验测定，该化合物是已知最强的诱变剂之一。1986年，在氯化饮用水中也发现了这种化合物。MX在氯化饮用水的诱变性中占很大比例。最近在氯化水中还鉴定出了几种与MX相关的其他化合物，如几何异构体（E-MX）、MX的氧化态和还原态以及E-MX的氧化态。MX的溴化类似物可能在溴离子存在下通过氯化形成。文中还探讨了与MX及相关氯化诱变剂的化学性质和遗传毒性有关的未解决问题。
