Chiarelli P, Brown W J
Hunter Centre for Health Advancement.
Women Health. 1999;29(1):1-13. doi: 10.1300/J013v29n01_01.
The paper aims to (1) assess the prevalence of leaking urine and to (2) explore associations between leaking urine and a variety of other symptoms, conditions, surgical procedures and life events in three large cohorts of Australian women, who are participants in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Young women aged 18-23 (N = 14,000), mid-age women, 45-50 (N = 13,738) and older women, 70-75 (N = 12,417), were recruited randomly from the national HIC/Medicare database. Leaking urine was reported by approximately one in eight young women [estimated prevalence 12.8% (95% CI: 12.2-13.3)] and one in three mid-age women [36.1% (CI: 35.2-37.0)] and older women [35.0% (CI: 34.1-35.9)]. Leaking urine was significantly associated with parity, conditions which increase the pressure on the pelvic floor such as constipation and obesity, past gynecological surgery and conditions which can impact on bladder control. The study showed that fewer than half the women had sought help for the problem and that younger women were less likely to be satisfied with the help available for this problem. Strategies for continence promotion, including opportunistic raising of the issue at the time of cervical screening and pregnancy care are suggested, so that the health and social outcomes of untreated chronic incontinence in women might be improved.
（1）评估漏尿的患病率；（2）在参与澳大利亚女性健康纵向研究的三大队列澳大利亚女性中，探究漏尿与各种其他症状、疾病、外科手术及生活事件之间的关联。从全国健康保险委员会/医疗保险数据库中随机招募了年龄在18 - 23岁的年轻女性（N = 14,000）、45 - 50岁的中年女性（N = 13,738）和70 - 75岁的老年女性（N = 12,417）。约八分之一的年轻女性报告有漏尿情况[估计患病率为12.8%（95%置信区间：12.2 - 13.3）]，三分之一的中年女性[36.1%（置信区间：35.2 - 37.0）]和老年女性[35.0%（置信区间：34.1 - 35.9）]有漏尿情况。漏尿与产次、会增加盆底压力的疾病（如便秘和肥胖）、既往妇科手术以及会影响膀胱控制的疾病显著相关。研究表明，不到一半的女性就该问题寻求过帮助，且年轻女性对现有针对该问题的帮助满意度较低。建议采取促进尿失禁防治的策略，包括在宫颈筛查和孕期保健时适时提出该问题，以期改善女性慢性尿失禁未治疗情况下的健康和社会结局。
