Newell F N, Chiroro P, Valentine T
Department of Psychology, University of Durham, South Road, DH1 3LE, UK.
Q J Exp Psychol A. 1999 May;52(2):509-34. doi: 10.1080/713755813.
Three experiments are reported in which the effects of viewpoint on the recognition of distinctive and typical faces were explored. Specifically, we investigated whether generalization across views would be better for distinctive faces than for typical faces. In Experiment 1 the time to match different views of the same typical faces and the same distinctive faces was dependent on the difference between the views shown. In contrast, the accuracy and latency of correct responses on trials in which two different faces were presented were independent of viewpoint if the faces were distinctive but were view-dependent if the faces were typical. In Experiment 2 we tested participants' recognition memory for unfamiliar faces that had been studied at a single three-quarter view. Participants were presented with all face views during test. Finally, in Experiment 3, participants' were tested on their recognition of unfamiliar faces that had been studied at all views. In both Experiments 2 and 3 we found an effect of distinctiveness and viewpoint but no interaction between these factors. The results are discussed in terms of a model of face representation based on an inter-item similarity in which the representations are view specific.
本文报告了三项实验，这些实验探究了视角对独特面孔和典型面孔识别的影响。具体而言，我们研究了独特面孔在不同视角间的泛化能力是否优于典型面孔。在实验1中，匹配相同典型面孔和相同独特面孔的不同视角的时间，取决于所展示视角之间的差异。相比之下，当呈现两张不同面孔时，如果面孔是独特的，正确反应的准确性和潜伏期与视角无关；但如果面孔是典型的，则与视角有关。在实验2中，我们测试了参与者对以单一四分之三视角呈现的陌生面孔的识别记忆。测试时向参与者展示了所有视角的面孔。最后，在实验3中，我们测试了参与者对以所有视角呈现的陌生面孔的识别能力。在实验2和实验3中，我们都发现了独特性和视角的影响，但这两个因素之间没有交互作用。我们根据基于项目间相似性的面孔表征模型对结果进行了讨论，在该模型中，表征是特定于视角的。
