Russell M W, Hedges S R, Wu H Y, Hook E W, Mestecky J
Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35294, USA.
Am J Reprod Immunol. 1999 Jul;42(1):58-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.1999.tb00466.x.
Consistent with the absence of protective immunity resulting from previous infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the genital mucosal immune response in human gonorrhea is weak: only low levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies are detectable against gonococci, and inflammatory cytokine responses are poor.
Mucosal immunization strategies designed to induce persisting genital antibody responses might afford protection against infection, if appropriate conserved antigens can also be identified.
Intragastric or intranasal immunization with bacterial antigens expressed as recombinant chimeric proteins with cholera toxin A2/B subunits induced persisting IgA antibodies in genital and other secretions, and circulating IgG antibodies.
Although gonococci may avoid inducing or even suppress immune responses during natural infection, alternative approaches to vaccine development may be successful. However, inadequate understanding of the origins of antibodies in the genital tract, and their effector mechanisms, will need to be rectified to make this possible.
与既往感染淋病奈瑟菌后缺乏保护性免疫一致，人类淋病中生殖黏膜免疫反应较弱：针对淋球菌仅能检测到低水平的免疫球蛋白G（IgG）和免疫球蛋白A（IgA）抗体，且炎症细胞因子反应较差。
如果还能鉴定出合适的保守抗原，旨在诱导持续性生殖抗体反应的黏膜免疫策略可能提供抗感染保护。
用表达为与霍乱毒素A2/B亚基的重组嵌合蛋白的细菌抗原进行胃内或鼻内免疫，可在生殖及其他分泌物中诱导产生持续性IgA抗体以及循环IgG抗体。
虽然淋球菌在自然感染期间可能避免诱导甚至抑制免疫反应，但疫苗开发的替代方法可能会成功。然而，需要纠正对生殖道抗体来源及其效应机制的认识不足，以使这成为可能。
