Vuchinich R E, Sobell M B
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1978 Dec 15;60(1):81-5. doi: 10.1007/BF00429183.
The role of expectancy in producing perceptual motor-performance deficits following alcohol consumption was investigated in a 2 X 2 factorial experiment. Forty male normal drinkers (1) either were or were not administered 0.414 g ethanol/kg body weight and (2) either were or were not instructed they were consuming an alcoholic beverage (regardless of actual beverage content). Performance on a divided-attention task requiring simultaneous pursuit rotor tracking and choice reaction-time responding provided the main dependent measures. Alcohol disrupted tracking performance and interacted with instructions regarding beverage content to influence choice reaction-time performance. Results confirmed previous reports of divided-attention task performance deficits induced by a low alcohol dose, but, more importantly, indicated that subjects' expectancies also influence performance levels. These findings demonstrate the importance of controlling for expectancy effects in alcohol research, and suggest that alcohol and expectancy may influence perceptual motor performance through different processes.
在一项2×2析因实验中，研究了预期在饮酒后产生感知运动表现缺陷方面的作用。40名男性正常饮酒者：（1）一部分接受了0.414克乙醇/千克体重的剂量，另一部分未接受；（2）一部分被告知他们正在饮用酒精饮料（无论实际饮料成分如何），另一部分未被告知。一项需要同时进行追踪转子跟踪和选择反应时响应的分心任务表现提供了主要的因变量测量指标。酒精扰乱了跟踪表现，并与关于饮料成分的指示相互作用，以影响选择反应时表现。结果证实了先前关于低剂量酒精引起分心任务表现缺陷的报道，但更重要的是，表明受试者的预期也会影响表现水平。这些发现证明了在酒精研究中控制预期效应的重要性，并表明酒精和预期可能通过不同的过程影响感知运动表现。
