Lang J D
Community Health Division, Department of Environmental Health, San Diego CA 92123-1217, USA.
J Vector Ecol. 1999 Jun;24(1):61-9.
In San Diego County, California, 11 species of ixodid ticks were collected from vegetation and/or from small and large mammals, and/or found parasitizing humans. Adults of the Pacific Coast tick, Dermacentor occidentalis, were the most abundant tick collected from vegetation, with peak numbers occurring during March and April. Adults of the Western black-legged tick, Ixodes pacificus, were the second most abundant, with peaks occurring during February and March. Eight species of ticks were found on mammals, with D. occidentalis being the most abundant. Adults of this tick were found primarily on black-tailed deer, Odocoileus hemionus columbianus. Nymphs occurred mostly on larger rodents, particularly the dusky-footed wood rat, Neotoma fuscipes, while larvae preferred mice. Ixodes pacificus was the second most abundant on hosts. Adults of this tick were found mostly on larger mammals, such as carnivores and deer. Nymphs preferred larger rodents, and larvae primarily mice. Five tick species were found on humans. Adults of I. pacificus, mostly females, were the most prevalent and occurred mostly (80.1%) on individuals during October-March, followed by those of Dermacentor variabilis which were found primarily (95.0%) during April-September. Adults of D. occidentalis were the third most prevalent, being found mostly (96.0%) on humans during January-June. Of the ten species of ticks endemic to California found during the survey, two (Ixodes sculptus and Ixodes woodi), have not been previously recorded from San Diego County.
在加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥县，从植被和/或小型及大型哺乳动物身上采集到11种硬蜱，并且/或者发现它们寄生在人类身上。太平洋沿岸蜱（Dermacentor occidentalis）的成虫是从植被中采集到的数量最多的蜱，3月和4月数量达到峰值。西部黑腿蜱（Ixodes pacificus）的成虫数量次之，2月和3月出现峰值。在哺乳动物身上发现了8种蜱，其中D. occidentalis数量最多。这种蜱的成虫主要发现于黑尾鹿（Odocoileus hemionus columbianus）身上。若虫大多出现在较大的啮齿动物身上，尤其是暗足林鼠（Neotoma fuscipes），而幼虫更喜欢寄生在小鼠身上。太平洋硬蜱是宿主身上数量第二多的蜱。这种蜱的成虫大多发现于较大的哺乳动物身上，如食肉动物和鹿。若虫更喜欢较大的啮齿动物，幼虫主要寄生在小鼠身上。在人类身上发现了5种蜱。太平洋硬蜱的成虫，大多为雌性，最为常见，主要（80.1%）出现在10月至3月期间的个体身上，其次是变异革蜱（Dermacentor variabilis），主要（95.0%）出现在4月至9月期间。西方革蜱（D. occidentalis）的成虫是第三常见的，主要（96.0%）在1月至6月期间出现在人类身上。在此次调查中发现的加利福尼亚州特有的10种蜱中，有两种（雕刻硬蜱Ixodes sculptus和伍氏硬蜱Ixodes woodi）此前未在圣地亚哥县有过记录。
