Strous M, Fuerst J A, Kramer E H, Logemann S, Muyzer G, van de Pas-Schoonen K T, Webb R, Kuenen J G, Jetten M S
Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands.
Nature. 1999 Jul 29;400(6743):446-9. doi: 10.1038/22749.
With the increased use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture, many densely populated countries face environmental problems associated with high ammonia emissions. The process of anaerobic ammonia oxidation ('anammox') is one of the most innovative technological advances in the removal of ammonia nitrogen from waste water. This new process combines ammonia and nitrite directly into dinitrogen gas. Until now, bacteria capable of anaerobically oxidizing ammonia had never been found and were known as "lithotrophs missing from nature". Here we report the discovery of this missing lithotroph and its identification as a new, autotrophic member of the order Planctomycetales, one of the major distinct divisions of the Bacteria. The new planctomycete grows extremely slowly, dividing only once every two weeks. At present, it cannot be cultivated by conventional microbiological techniques. The identification of this bacterium as the one responsible for anaerobic oxidation of ammonia makes an important contribution to the problem of unculturability.
随着农业中化肥使用量的增加，许多人口密集的国家面临着与高氨排放相关的环境问题。厌氧氨氧化（“anammox”）过程是从废水中去除氨氮方面最具创新性的技术进展之一。这一新过程直接将氨和亚硝酸盐转化为氮气。到目前为止，能够厌氧氧化氨的细菌从未被发现，被称为“自然界中缺失的化能无机营养菌”。在此，我们报告了这种缺失的化能无机营养菌的发现，并将其鉴定为浮霉菌目（Planctomycetales）的一个新的自养成员，浮霉菌目是细菌的主要不同分类之一。这种新的浮霉菌生长极其缓慢，每两周才分裂一次。目前，它无法通过传统的微生物技术进行培养。将这种细菌鉴定为负责厌氧氨氧化的细菌，为不可培养性问题做出了重要贡献。
