Characterization of two photosynthetic mutants of maize.

We describe here the biochemical characteristics of the hcf44 and hcf47 (high chlorophyll fluorescence) mutants of maize (Zea mays L.). Both mutants were sensitive to high light intensities, exhibiting reduced growth and fluorescence intensity. Electron transport through the mutants' photosystem (PS) I and PSII reaction centers was reduced and NADP(+) photoreduction was absent. Western analysis revealed that the hcf44 mutant was missing some or all of the PsaC, PsaD, and PsaE polypeptides of the PSI reaction center, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that this loss was the result of a posttranscriptional event. The hcf47 mutant had reduced levels of many PSI and PSII polypeptides. These data indicate a possible defect in the synthesis or assembly of the PsaC subunit in the hcf44 mutant, whereas the hcf47 mutant may have a more general defect in the biogenesis of photosynthetic membranes. Our results demonstrate the coordinated assembly of the peripheral proteins into the PSI complexes of higher plants and demonstrate the in vivo requirement of PsaC, PsaD, and PsaE subunits for the function of PSI in higher plants.