Oelofse A, Faber M, Benadé J G, Benadé A J, Kenoyer D G
National Research Programme for Nutritional Intervention of the Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa.
Cent Afr J Med. 1999 Jan;45(1):14-9. doi: 10.4314/cajm.v45i1.8444.
To assess the nutritional status of six month to 11 year old rural Black children and their mothers as a first phase in a nutrition intervention project.
Cross sectional study.
A rural African community +/- 60 km northwest of Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
A random sample of 127 mothers and 105 pre-school and 131 primary school children were selected from this community.
Anthropometric (height and weight), biochemical and dietary and socio-demographic information was collected.
Among the pre-schoolers anaemia was present in 23.8%, iron deficiency in 19.8%, while marginal vitamin A deficiency was observed in 44.9%. Urinary iodine levels indicated moderate iodine deficiency in 31.8% and severe iodine deficiency in 9.1%. In primary school children the prevalence of anaemia was 22%, while marginal vitamin A deficiency was observed in 50.8%. Moderate iodine deficiency was observed in 37.9% of primary school children while 13.6% presented with severe iodine deficiency. The prevalence of goitre in this group was 22.1%. Almost 22% of mothers were anaemic and 18.9% were iron deficient. Only 1.6% of mothers were marginally vitamin A deficient. An enlarged thyroid was observed in 26.7% of mothers of which 17.3% were palpable and 9.4% visible. Of mothers 43.4% were overweight while 33.8% were obese.
The rural community in KwaZulu-Natal, showed a high prevalence of anaemia, marginal vitamin A deficiency and iodine deficiency. The information gathered during this cross sectional study served as a basis to plan and implement an intervention study aimed at addressing the nutritional deficiencies.
评估6个月至11岁农村黑人儿童及其母亲的营养状况，作为营养干预项目的第一阶段。
横断面研究。
南非夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省德班西北约60公里处的一个农村非洲社区。
从该社区随机抽取127名母亲、105名学龄前儿童和131名小学生。
收集人体测量学（身高和体重）、生化指标、饮食及社会人口学信息。
学龄前儿童中，贫血患病率为23.8%，缺铁患病率为19.8%，边缘性维生素A缺乏率为44.9%。尿碘水平显示，31.8%为中度碘缺乏，9.1%为重度碘缺乏。小学生中，贫血患病率为22%，边缘性维生素A缺乏率为50.8%。37.9%的小学生有中度碘缺乏，13.6%有重度碘缺乏。该组甲状腺肿患病率为22.1%。近22%的母亲贫血，18.9%缺铁。只有1.6%的母亲有边缘性维生素A缺乏。26.7%的母亲甲状腺肿大，其中17.3%可触及，9.4%肉眼可见。43.4%的母亲超重，33.8%肥胖。
夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省的农村社区贫血、边缘性维生素A缺乏和碘缺乏患病率较高。本次横断面研究收集的信息为规划和实施旨在解决营养缺乏问题的干预研究提供了依据。
