Monárrez-Espino J, Martínez H, Martínez V, Greiner T
Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Sweden.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004 Mar;58(3):532-40. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601840.
To assess the nutritional status of Tarahumara children at indigenous boarding schools.
Cross-sectional comprehensive nutritional survey.
The schools sampled were located in indigenous municipalities of the northern Mexican state of Chihuahua.
The study was carried out in 2001 among 331 children aged 6-14 y from a sample of five schools. Anthropometric measurements, a thyroid exam and capillary haemoglobin levels were obtained from the children. Serum concentrations of ferritin, iron, total iron-binding capacity, vitamin B(12), folic acid and zinc were collected from a subsample of 100 children.
The prevalence of wasting and overweight (children 6-9 y) was 1.1 and 4.6%, respectively, and of underweight, risk of overweight and overweight (10-14 y) was 3.2, 5.1 and 0.6%, respectively. Stunting (6-12 y) was present in 22.3% of the children. The total goitre rate was 5.4%. The prevalence of anaemia was 13% (boys 11.4, girls 14.5%). Overall, 24.2% of the children were iron deficient (depletion 11.1%, deficient erythropoiesis 3%, iron deficiency anaemia 10.1%). No child had folic acid values <3 ng/ml, but 20.2% had low (<200 microg/dl) and 27.3% marginal (200-300 microg/dl) vitamin B(12) levels, and 80.2% had low zinc concentrations (<60 microg/dl).
Nutritional underweight and stunting were similar to those reported in rural localities at the national level, but overweight was less prevalent in children aged 10-14 y. Various micronutrient deficiencies was identified including zinc and vitamin B(12), but the prevalence of iron and folic acid deficiency was lower than expected. These results suggest that Tarahumara children attending boarding schools may be the better-off children from these extremely poor and marginalized areas.
Swedish Agency for Research Cooperation with Developing Countries and the Mexican Social Security Institute.
评估在土著寄宿学校就读的塔拉乌马拉儿童的营养状况。
横断面综合营养调查。
抽样的学校位于墨西哥奇瓦瓦州北部的土著自治市。
2001年对来自五所学校的331名6至14岁儿童开展了研究。对这些儿童进行了人体测量、甲状腺检查及毛细血管血红蛋白水平检测。从100名儿童的子样本中采集了血清铁蛋白、铁、总铁结合力、维生素B12、叶酸和锌的浓度。
消瘦和超重（6至9岁儿童）的患病率分别为1.1%和4.6%，体重不足、超重风险及超重（10至14岁儿童）的患病率分别为3.2%、5.1%和0.6%。发育迟缓（6至12岁儿童）的发生率为22.3%。甲状腺肿总患病率为5.4%。贫血患病率为13%（男孩11.4%，女孩14.5%）。总体而言，24.2%的儿童缺铁（铁耗竭11.1%，缺铁性红细胞生成3%，缺铁性贫血10.1%）。没有儿童的叶酸值<3 ng/ml，但20.2%的儿童维生素B12水平低（<200 μg/dl），27.3%的儿童维生素B12水平处于边缘状态（200 - 300 μg/dl），80.2%的儿童锌浓度低（<60 μg/dl）。
营养性体重不足和发育迟缓与全国农村地区报告的情况相似，但10至14岁儿童中超重情况较少见。发现了多种微量营养素缺乏情况，包括锌和维生素B12，但铁和叶酸缺乏的患病率低于预期。这些结果表明，在寄宿学校就读的塔拉乌马拉儿童可能是这些极其贫困和边缘化地区条件较好的儿童。
瑞典与发展中国家研究合作署及墨西哥社会保障局。
