Briley M E, Jastrow S, Vickers J, Roberts-Gray C
University of Texas at Austin 78712, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1999 Aug;99(8):950-4. doi: 10.1016/S0002-8223(99)00226-6.
To examine how meals and snacks children consume before and after their time at a child-care facility complement the menu at the facility.
Dietary intake of children at and away from the child-care center was compared with recommended standards for child nutrition. Registered dietitians observed foods consumed at the center during 3 consecutive days. Parents reported foods consumed away from the center during the same 3 days.
SUBJECTS/SETTING: Six nonprofit child-care centers with strong menus (i.e., menus that come close to meeting dietary recommendations) and 6 with menus supplying less than 50% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance were selected for study. Five families at each center were invited to participate. Complete data sets were obtained for 51 children aged 3 to 6 years.
Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated to compare the children's dietary intake during center time and family time and over a full day with recommended standards. Energy and nutrient profiles and food frequencies were included in the analysis.
Children consumed plenty of foods at the center and away from the following groups: meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, eggs, nuts; milk, yogurt, cheese; and fruit, fruit juice. Most children failed to consume enough vegetables. Nearly all the children failed to consume enough bread, cereal, pasta, and rice, especially while at the center. The majority ate more than sparing amounts of fats, oils, and sweets, especially during family time. Average percentage of energy from fat was 33 +/- 4. Intakes of concern for the full day were energy, iron, sodium, and zinc.
Child-care menus are an appropriate target for increasing iron and zinc by serving more cereal and whole grains. Families are an appropriate target for reducing young children's consumption of fats, oils, and sweets. Nutrition education and advocacy are needed to strengthen the partnership between parents and caregivers.
研究儿童在日托机构期间及前后所吃的正餐和零食如何补充该机构的菜单。
将儿童在日托中心及中心外的饮食摄入量与儿童营养推荐标准进行比较。注册营养师连续3天观察儿童在中心食用的食物。家长报告同一3天内儿童在中心外食用的食物。
研究对象/场所：选取6家菜单丰富（即菜单接近满足饮食建议）的非营利性日托中心和6家菜单提供的膳食营养素参考摄入量不足50%的日托中心进行研究。邀请每个中心的5个家庭参与。获得了51名3至6岁儿童的完整数据集。
计算描述性和推断性统计数据，以比较儿童在中心期间、家庭期间及一整天的饮食摄入量与推荐标准。分析包括能量和营养状况以及食物频率。
儿童在中心及中心外摄入了大量以下种类的食物：肉类、家禽、鱼类、干豆、蛋类、坚果；牛奶、酸奶、奶酪；以及水果、果汁。大多数儿童蔬菜摄入量不足。几乎所有儿童面包、谷类、面食和米饭的摄入量都不足，尤其是在中心期间。大多数儿童脂肪、油类和甜食的摄入量超过少量，尤其是在家庭期间。脂肪提供的能量平均百分比为33±4。一整天中令人担忧的摄入量是能量、铁、钠和锌。
日托菜单是增加铁和锌摄入量的合适目标，可通过提供更多谷类和全谷物来实现。家庭是减少幼儿脂肪、油类和甜食摄入量的合适目标。需要开展营养教育和宣传活动，以加强家长和照顾者之间的合作关系。
