Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences, Kampusranta 11, 60101 Seinäjoki, Finland.
Nutrients. 2019 Jul 5;11(7):1531. doi: 10.3390/nu11071531.
Preschool meals may influence the formation of children's dietary habits and health. We assessed the contribution of preschool meals to the diet of Finnish children. We used food record data from the cross-sectional DAGIS survey and selected recording days which included all three meals (breakfast, lunch, afternoon snack) at preschool. We analyzed the diet of three- to four-year-olds ( = 324) and five- to six-year-olds ( = 233). Preschool meals accounted for 54% of the weekday's energy intake in both age groups, and provided ≥60% of total fiber, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and vitamins D and E. More than 60% of fish dishes but only one third of total daily fresh fruit were consumed at preschool. The mean (SD) percentages of energy from protein and fat at preschool were 17% (3%) and 30% (7%) in the younger and 17% (3%) and 31% (6%) in the older age group, respectively. The mean proportions of energy from added sugar at preschool were below 5% in both age groups. On average, salt intake exceeded recommendations and 60% of salt came from preschool food. Tackling high salt intake should be a future goal of guidance for early childhood education and care food services.
学前膳食可能会影响儿童饮食习惯和健康的形成。我们评估了学前膳食对芬兰儿童饮食的贡献。我们使用来自横断面 DAGIS 调查的食物记录数据，并选择了包括学前所有三顿饭（早餐、午餐、下午点心）的记录日。我们分析了 3 至 4 岁儿童（n=324）和 5 至 6 岁儿童（n=233）的饮食。在这两个年龄组中，学前膳食分别占工作日能量摄入的 54%，并提供了≥60%的总纤维、多不饱和脂肪酸以及维生素 D 和 E。在学前，鱼菜的摄入量超过 60%，但新鲜水果仅占每日总摄入量的三分之一。在年龄较小的组中，学前蛋白质和脂肪的平均（SD）能量百分比分别为 17%（3%）和 30%（7%），而在年龄较大的组中，这两个比例分别为 17%（3%）和 31%（6%）。在这两个年龄组中，来自添加糖的能量平均比例均低于 5%。平均而言，盐的摄入量超过了建议量，而 60%的盐来自学前食物。解决高盐摄入量问题应该是未来幼儿教育和护理食品服务指导的目标之一。
