Billue J S
Department of Community Nursing, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta 30912, USA.
Clin Excell Nurse Pract. 1998 Mar;2(2):73-82.
One out of every five individuals experiences tinnitus. Tinnitus is the tenth most common presenting complaint among the elderly in primary care. Although tinnitus is often associated with hearing loss, chronic noise exposure, and medications, its etiology frequently goes undetected. Diagnosis of subjective idiopathic tinnitus is established by a comprehensive health history, physical examination, and office and laboratory diagnostic assessments. Patients who suffer from this chronic symptom report a dwindling in their quality of life, primarily because of the annoyance factor associated with tinnitus. Activities of daily living are affected in proportion to the intensity of the tinnitus. Examples of nonpharmacologic management include hearing aids for those with hearing loss, hypnotherapy, counseling, and masking. A number of medications have demonstrated some efficacy in the treatment of tinnitus. Ultimately, the practitioner is concerned with helping the individual live with subjective idiopathic tinnitus by promoting self-care activities to improve both physical and mental-emotional health.
每五个人中就有一人经历过耳鸣。耳鸣是初级保健中老年人群中第十大常见的就诊主诉。尽管耳鸣通常与听力损失、长期噪音暴露和药物有关，但其病因常常未被发现。主观特发性耳鸣的诊断通过全面的健康史、体格检查以及门诊和实验室诊断评估来确定。患有这种慢性症状的患者报告称他们的生活质量在下降，主要是因为与耳鸣相关的烦恼因素。日常生活活动受到耳鸣强度的相应影响。非药物治疗的例子包括为听力损失者佩戴助听器、催眠疗法、咨询和掩蔽。一些药物已在耳鸣治疗中显示出一定疗效。最终，从业者关注的是通过促进自我护理活动来帮助个体应对主观特发性耳鸣，以改善身心健康。
