Nourhashemi F, Andrieu S, Rauzy O, Ghisolfi A, Vellas B, Chumlea W C, Albarede J L
Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Gerontology, Toulouse University Hospital, France.
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 1999 Jan;2(1):87-92. doi: 10.1097/00075197-199901000-00015.
In the past 20 years, an increased interest geriatric nutrition has induced researchers to document the distribution and magnitude of nutritional problems in the elderly population. It has been observed that the prevalence of malnutrition is greatly affected by the general health status and autonomy of the elderly. Among free-living healthy elderly persons, the prevalence of protein-caloric undernutrition is low. As health and functional capacities deteriorate with age, however, the prevalence increases dramatically to 30-65% of those in home care, nursing homes or in hospital. Formal nutritional assessment has typically been absent from most published programmes of geriatric evaluation and comprehensive geriatric assessment. This is frequently because of the lack of a specific validated tool to assess nutritional status in older persons and, at least partly, to explain this phenomenon. The Mini Nutritional Assessment was developed and validated on large representative samples of elderly persons to address these specific issues. Recent experimental studies have shown that advanced malnutrition is much more difficult to treat in the elderly than in younger adults. Trials of nutritional support using oral supplements or enteral tube feeding have shown improved outcome in those identified as malnourished on admission to hospital.
在过去20年里，对老年营养的兴趣日益增加，促使研究人员记录老年人群中营养问题的分布情况和严重程度。据观察，营养不良的患病率受老年人总体健康状况和自理能力的影响很大。在生活自理的健康老年人中，蛋白质 - 热量营养不良的患病率较低。然而，随着健康状况和功能能力随着年龄增长而下降，患病率急剧上升，在接受家庭护理、住在养老院或医院的老年人中达到30% - 65%。在大多数已发表的老年评估和综合老年评估项目中，通常没有正式的营养评估。这通常是因为缺乏一种经过验证的特定工具来评估老年人的营养状况，至少部分是为了解释这一现象。“微型营养评定法”是针对这些特定问题，在大量具有代表性的老年人群样本上开发并验证的。最近的实验研究表明，重度营养不良在老年人中比在年轻人中更难治疗。使用口服补充剂或肠内管饲进行营养支持的试验表明，入院时被确定为营养不良的患者治疗效果有所改善。
