Wetzel S, Bongartz G
Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University Hospitals/Kantonsspital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland.
Eur Radiol. 1999;9(7):1277-84. doi: 10.1007/s003300050834.
Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) has become an imaging modality which comprises various techniques based on two concepts: methods relying on the natural flow effects, the time-of-flight and phase-contrast technique, either in two- or three-dimensional acquisition mode, and the more recently developed contrast-enhanced (CE) MRA methods. The main indications for evaluation of the supra-aortic vessels are, firstly, the grading of carotid artery stenoses caused by an atherosclerotic process, and secondly, the evaluation of dissections of the cervical arteries because this disease plays an important role as a cause for stroke especially in younger patients. The various MRA techniques in their application to the main pathologies encountered at the supra-aortic vessels are presented, and recent developments in the promising field of CE MRA are discussed.
磁共振血管造影（MRA）已成为一种成像方式，它包含基于两个概念的各种技术：基于自然血流效应的方法，即飞行时间法和相位对比技术，可采用二维或三维采集模式；以及最近开发的对比增强（CE）MRA方法。评估主动脉弓上血管的主要适应证，首先是对动脉粥样硬化过程导致的颈动脉狭窄进行分级，其次是评估颈段动脉夹层，因为这种疾病作为中风的一个病因，在年轻患者中尤其重要。本文介绍了各种MRA技术在主动脉弓上血管主要病变中的应用，并讨论了CE MRA这一有前景领域的最新进展。
