Biel M, Eastwood J A, Muenzen P, Greenberg S
AACN Certification Corporation, Aliso Viejo, Calif. 92656, USA.
Am J Crit Care. 1999 Sep;8(5):285-90.
In 1997, the AACN Certification Corporation, in conjunction with Professional Examination Service, undertook a role delineation study as 1 component of a large-scale, comprehensive, and systematic study of practice to update previous data. Focus groups made up of practicing critical care nurses were used to determine trends and changes in adult, pediatric, and neonatal critical care nursing practice.
Sixteen focus groups (6 adult, 5 pediatric, and 5 neonatal) used specially prepared protocols to guide discussions. Questions were designed to elicit descriptions of changes in critical care nursing practice in the preceding 5 years. Qualitative comments of the participants were analyzed across all the focus groups, rather than separately for the adult, pediatric, and neonatal focus groups. Then data for the focus groups for each patient-age range were aggregated and reviewed to abstract themes.
Trends and changes in practice for adult, pediatric, and neonatal critical care nurses were determined. Common themes include ethical and legal issues, changes in the population of patients, psychosocial factors, and the impact of managed care.
The results of these focus groups can be used to update the test blueprints that underlie the CCRN certification examination programs for adult, pediatric, and neonatal critical care nurses. Critical care nursing practice is changing. Specific knowledge of the changes is important for educators, managers, and clinicians. The results of this role delineation study can be used to teach, adapt systems, and validate practice.
1997年，美国危重症护理协会认证委员会与专业考试服务机构联合开展了一项角色界定研究，作为大规模、全面且系统的实践研究的一部分，以更新先前的数据。由在职重症监护护士组成的焦点小组被用于确定成人、儿科和新生儿重症监护护理实践的趋势和变化。
16个焦点小组（6个成人组、5个儿科组和5个新生儿组）使用专门制定的方案来指导讨论。问题旨在引出对过去5年重症监护护理实践变化的描述。对所有焦点小组参与者的定性评论进行分析，而非分别对成人、儿科和新生儿焦点小组进行分析。然后汇总并审查每个患者年龄范围焦点小组的数据，以提炼主题。
确定了成人、儿科和新生儿重症监护护士的实践趋势和变化。共同主题包括伦理和法律问题、患者群体的变化、社会心理因素以及管理式医疗的影响。
这些焦点小组的结果可用于更新作为成人、儿科和新生儿重症监护护士CCRN认证考试项目基础的考试蓝图。重症监护护理实践正在发生变化。了解这些变化的具体知识对教育工作者、管理人员和临床医生很重要。这项角色界定研究的结果可用于教学、调整系统和验证实践。
