Feldman M A, Ducharme J M, Case L
Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Behav Modif. 1999 Jul;23(3):480-97. doi: 10.1177/0145445599233007.
Children of parents with intellectual disabilities (i.e., IQs less than 80, labeled as having mental retardation) are at risk for neglect due to inadequate parenting abilities. Previous studies have shown that these parents are responsive to parent-training packages consisting of instructions, pictorial cues, modeling, feedback, and reinforcement. This study evaluated the effectiveness of self-learning pictorial-parenting manuals in teaching basic child-care skills (diapering, treating diaper rash, bathing, safety) to parents with intellectual disabilities who are monitored by child protection agencies. The manuals alone increased child-care skills (to levels seen in parents without disabilities) in 9 out of the 10 mothers in the study and in 12 of 13 child-care skills. The remaining skill was acquired with the full training package. Follow-up indicated that the acquired skills were maintained for up to 3 years. Mean correct performance with the manual was positively correlated with the trainer's rating of the mother's reading level and acceptance of the manual when the mother was first given the manual. Consumer satisfaction ratings of the manuals were high. These results indicate that many parents with intellectual disabilities may improve their child-care skills without intensive training and that self-instruction may be an easily disseminable and cost-effective way of reducing the risk of child neglect due to parenting skill deficiencies.
父母有智力障碍（即智商低于80，被认定为智力发育迟缓）的儿童，由于父母育儿能力不足而面临被忽视的风险。以往研究表明，这些父母对由指导、图片提示、示范、反馈和强化组成的父母培训套餐有反应。本研究评估了自学式育儿图片手册对接受儿童保护机构监管的智力障碍父母教授基本儿童护理技能（换尿布、治疗尿布疹、洗澡、安全）的效果。仅手册一项就使研究中的10位母亲中的9位以及13项儿童护理技能中的12项的护理技能得到提高（达到无残疾父母的水平）。其余技能是通过完整的培训套餐获得的。随访表明，所获得的技能可维持长达3年。母亲首次拿到手册时，手册的平均正确使用率与培训师对母亲阅读水平及对手册接受程度的评分呈正相关。对手册的消费者满意度评分很高。这些结果表明，许多智力障碍父母无需强化培训就能提高他们的儿童护理技能，自我指导可能是一种易于传播且具有成本效益的方法，可降低因育儿技能不足导致儿童被忽视的风险。
