Ramchandani V A, O'Connor S, Blekher T, Kareken D, Morzorati S, Nurnberger J, Li T K
Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1999 Aug;23(8):1320-30.
The clamping method of alcohol administration was combined with a battery of dependent measures of frontal lobe brain function, and a novel index of acute adaptation, in a preliminary study in order to explore the paradigm's sensitivity to a familial history of alcoholism (FHA).
Ten family history-positive (FHP) and 10 family history-negative (FHN) adult social drinkers of both genders underwent alcohol clamping. Twenty minutes after the start of an intravenous infusion of alcohol, the breath alcohol concentration was clamped at a target of 60+/-5 mg/dl for 150 min. Initial and adaptive responses to alcohol were assessed using scalar indices of change. One index assessed initial improvements or impairments in brain function after alcohol. The other index assessed acute adaptation (tolerance or sensitization) to alcohol while the brain's exposure to alcohol was held constant. The battery of dependent measures included subjective perceptions, neuropsychological tests, saccadic eye-movement tasks, and event-related potential (ERP) tasks. Effect sizes for FHA were estimated for 10 dependent variables that showed adequate baseline test-retest reliability (r>0.6).
FHP subjects showed less intense initial responses to alcohol in subjective perceptions, but greater changes in the latency of volitional saccades and ERP P3 components than did the FHN controls. FHP subjects generally showed greater acute tolerance to alcohol than did controls, who showed more instances of acute sensitization at this moderate breath alcohol concentration. Effect sizes for FHA exceeded 0.4 in more than half of the indices.
The BrAC clamping paradigm assesses initial and adaptive responses of a battery of behavioral and electrophysiological measures of frontal lobe function to ethanol that appear both reliable and sensitive to FHA.
在一项初步研究中，将酒精给药的钳夹方法与一系列额叶脑功能相关测量指标以及一个新的急性适应指标相结合，以探讨该范式对酒精ism家族史（FHA）的敏感性。
10名家族史阳性（FHP）和10名家族史阴性（FHN）的成年男女社交饮酒者接受了酒精钳夹。在开始静脉输注酒精20分钟后，将呼气酒精浓度钳夹在60±5mg/dl的目标水平150分钟。使用变化的标量指标评估对酒精的初始和适应性反应。一个指标评估酒精后脑功能的初始改善或损害。另一个指标评估在大脑对酒精的暴露保持恒定的情况下对酒精的急性适应（耐受或敏感）。相关测量指标包括主观感受、神经心理学测试、眼球扫视运动任务和事件相关电位（ERP）任务。对10个显示出足够的基线重测信度（r>0.6）的相关变量估计了FHA的效应大小。
FHP受试者在主观感受上对酒精的初始反应较弱，但与FHN对照组相比，其意志性扫视潜伏期和ERP P3成分的变化更大。FHP受试者总体上对酒精的急性耐受性比对照组更强，而对照组在这种中度呼气酒精浓度下有更多急性敏感的情况。在超过一半的指标中，FHA的效应大小超过0.4。
呼气酒精浓度钳夹范式评估了一系列额叶功能的行为和电生理测量指标对乙醇的初始和适应性反应，这些反应似乎对FHA既可靠又敏感。
