Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States.
Alcohol. 2018 Aug;70:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2017.08.012. Epub 2017 Aug 31.
The P3 component of the event-related potential (ERP) has been particularly useful in alcohol research for identifying endophenotypes of alcohol-use disorder (AUD) risk in sober subjects. However, practice and/or fatigue reduce P3 amplitude, limiting the ability to ascertain acute and adaptive effects of alcohol exposure. Here, we report acute alcohol effects on P3 amplitude and latency using an adaptive stop signal task (aSST).
One hundred forty-eight non-dependent moderate to heavy social drinkers, ages 21 to 27, participated in two single-blind, alcohol or placebo, counterbalanced sessions approximately 1 week apart. During each session, subjects performed an adaptive stop signal task (aSST) at 1) baseline, 2) upon reaching the target 60 mg/dL breath alcohol concentration or at the equivalent time during the placebo session, and 3) approximately 135 min later while the breath alcohol concentration was clamped. Here, we report on differences between baseline and first subsequent measurements across the experimental sessions. During each aSST run, the stop signal delay (SSD, the time between stop and go signals) adjusted trial-by-trial, based on the subject's performance.
The aSST reliably generated a STOP P3 component that did not change significantly with repeated task performance. The pre-infusion SSD distribution was bimodal, with mean values several hundred msec apart (FAST: 153 msec and SLOW: 390 msec). This suggested different response strategies: FAST SSD favoring "going" over "stopping", and SLOW SSD favoring "stopping" over "going". Exposure to alcohol at 60 mg/dL differentially affected the amplitude and latency of the STOP P3 according to SSD group. Alcohol significantly reduced P3 amplitude in the SLOW SSD compared to the FAST SSD group, but significantly increased P3 latency in the FAST SSD compared to the SLOW SSD group.
The aSST is a robust and sensitive task for detecting alcohol-induced changes in inhibition behavior as measured by the P3 component in a within-subject design. Alcohol was associated with P3 component changes, which varied by SSD group, suggesting a differential effect as a function of task strategy. Overall, the data support the potential utility of the aSST in the detection of alcohol response-related AUD risk.
事件相关电位（ERP）的 P3 成分在酒精研究中特别有用，可用于识别 sober 受试者中酒精使用障碍（AUD）风险的表型。然而，练习和/或疲劳会降低 P3 幅度，限制了确定酒精暴露的急性和适应性影响的能力。在这里，我们使用自适应停止信号任务（aSST）报告急性酒精对 P3 幅度和潜伏期的影响。
148 名非依赖的中重度社交饮酒者，年龄在 21 至 27 岁之间，参加了两个单盲、酒精或安慰剂、大约 1 周的平衡对照试验。在每个试验中，参与者在 1）基线时，2）达到目标 60mg/dL 呼气酒精浓度时或在安慰剂试验中相应时间，以及 3）大约 135 分钟后，当呼气酒精浓度被夹定时，执行自适应停止信号任务（aSST）。在这里，我们报告了整个实验期间在基线和第一次后续测量之间的差异。在每个 aSST 运行期间，根据受试者的表现，停止信号延迟（SSD，停止和出发信号之间的时间）逐次调整。
aSST 可靠地产生了 STOP P3 成分，该成分在重复任务表现时没有显著变化。预注 SSD 分布呈双峰，平均值相差数百毫秒（快：153 毫秒和慢：390 毫秒）。这表明了不同的反应策略：SSD 快有利于“前进”而不是“停止”，而 SSD 慢有利于“停止”而不是“前进”。在 60mg/dL 的酒精暴露下，根据 SSD 组，STOP P3 的幅度和潜伏期有不同的影响。与 SSD 快组相比，酒精显著降低了 SSD 慢组的 P3 幅度，但与 SSD 慢组相比，酒精显著增加了 SSD 快组的 P3 潜伏期。
aSST 是一种强大而敏感的任务，可用于在 within-subject 设计中检测抑制行为的酒精诱导变化，如 P3 成分所示。酒精与 P3 成分变化有关，这些变化因 SSD 组而异，表明作为任务策略的函数的差异影响。总体而言，数据支持使用 aSST 检测与酒精反应相关的 AUD 风险的潜在效用。
