Tallini G, Dal Cin P
Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Adv Anat Pathol. 1999 Sep;6(5):237-46.
HMGI(Y) and HMGI-C are members of a distinct family of "high mobility group" (HMG) proteins that are nonhistone chromatin-associated proteins initially characterized by high electrophoretic mobility in polyacrylamide gels (hence the acronym HMG). Recent studies have shown that HMGI(Y) and HMGI-C are important elements with a role in the regulation of chromatin structure and function. Like other HMG proteins they are responsible for the correct three-dimensional configuration of protein-DNA complexes and therefore play a key role in important cellular processes such as DNA transcription. Aberrant HMGI(Y) and HMGI-C expression generally correlates with a malignant tumor phenotype. However, HMGI(Y) and HMGI-C dysregulation, as a result of specific chromosomal rearrangements, is also being identified in a variety of common benign mesenchymal tumors such as lipomas and uterine leiomyomas making HMGI(Y) and HMGI-C genes probably the most commonly rearranged genes in human neoplasms. While a precise definition of the HMGI(Y) and HMGI-C role in tumor initiation and progression is still missing, it is likely that future investigations will contribute valuable insights to the understanding of human neoplasia.
HMGI(Y)和HMGI-C是一个独特的“高迁移率族”（HMG）蛋白家族的成员，这类蛋白是与染色质相关的非组蛋白，最初因其在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶中具有高电泳迁移率而得名（因此首字母缩写为HMG）。最近的研究表明，HMGI(Y)和HMGI-C是重要的元件，在染色质结构和功能的调节中发挥作用。与其他HMG蛋白一样，它们负责蛋白质-DNA复合物的正确三维构型，因此在DNA转录等重要细胞过程中起关键作用。HMGI(Y)和HMGI-C的异常表达通常与恶性肿瘤表型相关。然而，由于特定的染色体重排导致的HMGI(Y)和HMGI-C失调，也在多种常见的良性间叶组织肿瘤如脂肪瘤和子宫平滑肌瘤中被发现，这使得HMGI(Y)和HMGI-C基因可能成为人类肿瘤中最常发生重排的基因。虽然HMGI(Y)和HMGI-C在肿瘤发生和发展中的作用仍缺乏精确的定义，但未来的研究可能会为理解人类肿瘤形成提供有价值的见解。
